Tafsiran 1 Samuel 1:24: Tze'enah Ure'enah, Rashi, Metzudat David & Radak

“When she had weaned him, she took him up with her” [1:24]. She brought Samuel up after she had weaned him. She also brought several oxen for sacrifices and to eat. She also brought a measure of flour and a jug of wine to the house of God in the city of Shiloh. The boy was still a child and he was brought to Eli that he should teach him Torah.

Our sages say that Samuel issued halakhic rulings before Eli. He said to Eli: why do you need to call a priest to slaughter the sacrifice? Every Israelite is allowed to slaughter the sacrifice. Nonetheless, Samuel deserved the death penalty for this. Whoever issues halakhic rulings before his teacher, is deserving of death. Eli said to Samuel: you have spoken correctly, but you are deserving of death. Hannah immediately began to scream before Eli. I beg you my lord, I, a poor woman, have prevailed with great suffering, to have this son and you want to kill him. Eli said: I want to kill him and will pray to God that He should give you another son who will be better than this one. Hannah said: I prayed for this son, as you well know. You were present and the Holy One gave him to me. I have lent him to the Holy One that he should serve God. Therefore, you do not have the power to kill him, and she bowed to God.¹⁰B. Berakhot, 31b; Yalkut Shimoni, I Samuel, Remez, 80.

One eiphah of flour. I heard in the name of Rabbi Yitzchok Halevi, that she brought one eiphah of flour, the equivalent of three seahs, from which to extract three tenths of an eiphah of fine flour, the required amount for one bull.⁴¹See Bamidbar 15:8-9. As we learned in the Mishnah:⁴²Maseches Menachos 76b. The showbread was made of twenty-four tenths of an eiphah from twenty-four seahs; i.e., one tenth part of an eiphah of fine flour from each seah of wheat.

And a flask of wine. For a libation.

Though the child was still a lad. The Targum renders, 'though the child was still young.'