Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk 2 Samuel 6:14

One may also understand the very word מדו as referring to “garment,” such as when the word appears in Samuel I 17,39: מעל למדיו, “on top of his garment.” The word occurs in that context also in Psalms 133,2 על פי מדותיו, “over the top of his robe.” If that is the meaning of the word מדו here it automatically includes all of the Priest’s garments. Onkelos also translated the word as לבושין, “garments".
The ethical teaching of all this is that when performing sacred tasks, especially in the Temple, regardless of how demeaning the same task would be considered for a socially highly placed individual outside the sacred perecincts, one must wear the finest garments in order to enhance the reputation of the Lord in whose honour this whole service is being performed. If this holds true, we may learn that even when in the synagogue or the Yeshivah while studying Torah it is only elementary good manners vis-a-vis G’d whose Torah we study to be properly attired. We have learned from King David (Psalms 57,9) “awake, O my honour! Awake, o harp and lyre! I will waken the dawn.” David did not speak about “Your honour”, i.e. the Lord’s honour, but he spoke about his own dignity, honour. He adresses himself, admonishing himself that his honour and dignity are of no consequence at all. We know that he lived up to this when he danced in front of the Holy Ark so that even his wife Michal considered such behaviour as unseemly in a King (compare Samuel II 6,14). We have an additional verse on that subject by David in verse 22 of that same chapter where he explains to Michal: “and dishonor myself even more, and be low in my own esteem, but amongst the slave-girls that you speak of I will be honoured.”

ואפוד AND AN EPHOD — I have heard no tradition nor have I found in the Boraitha any description of its shape, but my own mind tells me that it was tied on behind him; its breadth was the same as the breadth of a man’s back like a kind of apron which is called pourceint in old French which ladies of rank tie on when they ride on horse-back. Such, as mentioned, was the way in which the lower part was made, as it is said, (II Samuel 6:14) “And David was girded with a linen ephod” — this informs us that the ephod was something tied on the body. It is, however, not possible to say that it consisted of a girdle only, because it is said (Leviticus 8:7) “And he put the ephod upon him”, and afterwards it is stated “and he girded him with the חשב of the ephod” and this Onkelos translated by “the girdle of the ephod.” This, therefore, informs us that the חשב is the girdle and the אפור is the name of the ornamental garment itself. Further, it is not possible to assert that it was on account of the two shoulder-straps that it was called אפוד (i. e. that the term אפוד applies to these two straps and the girdle to which they were attached) for it is said, (v. 27) “the two shoulder-pieces of the ephod” — this tells us that the ephod is a separate name, the shoulderpieces a separate name and the girdle a separate name (i. e. each of these is the name of separate articles). Consequently I say that it is called אפוד in reference to the apron-like garment which hung down and that it was so called because they bedecked him (אופדו) and ornamented him with it, as it is said, (Leviticus 8:7) “And he bedecked (ויאפוד) him with it.” The חשב was the girdle which was on the upper portion of it (the ephod), and the shoulder-pieces were attached to it. Further, my own mind tells me that there is evidence that it was a kind of garment, for Jonathan ben Uzziel translates (II Samuel 6:14) “And David was girded with a linen ephod” by “a linen כרדוט” and exactly similarly does he translate מעילים, “robes”, by כרדוטין in the story of Tamar, Absolom’s sister, (II Samuel 13:18) “For with such robes (מעילים) were the king’s daughters that were virgins apparelled”.

Suchen wir die Bedeutung der Wurzel אפד, so stellt sich uns zunächst die Lautverwandtschaft mit אות ,אוד ,עבד ,עבת dar. Wie עבד ,אות ,אוד, die mechanische, geistige und soziale Vermittlung eines Zweckes bedeuten, so ist auch עבת vorwiegend kein beschränkendes, hemmendes Bindemittel, sondern ein die Dienstbarmachung der Kräfte für einen Zweck bewirkendes Sammeln und Binden derselben. So: קצץ עבות רשעים (Ps. 129, 4), עבות העגלה (Jes. 5, 18), חלם עבתות (Job 39, 10), עבתות (Hosea 11, 4). Und so scheint auch אפד, das Zusammennehmen der Kräfte in den Dienst eines Höhern zu bedeuten und auszudrücken, sowie das Gegürtetsein überhaupt: bereit sein für eine Tätigkeit anzeigt. אפד ist somit innig verwandt mit עבד und das Tragen eines אפד ist der sprechendste Ausdruck für einen עבד לעבוד עבודה, für einen zur עבודה Gegürteten. Daher שאת אפד לפני ד׳ identisch mit Priestersein vor Gott (Sam. I. 2, 28). Daher sich Gott als Diener darstellen durch das Tragen eines אפד ausgedrückt ward (Sam. I. 2, 18; Sam. II. 6, 14). Daher, während der hier angeordnete leinen-wollen-goldene Ephod zur Kleidung des Hohepriesters beim "Dienste" gehörte, die Priester überhaupt wohl außer dem Dienste, ebenso wie in den zuletzt zitierten Stellen Samuel und David, einen leinenen Ephod trugen (Sam. I. 22, 18).

and with joyous songs Heb. וּבַכִּרְכָּרוֹת. With a song of players and dancers. Comp. (II Sam. 6:14) “And David danced (מְכַרְכֵּר),” treper in O.F. [Menahem (p. 109) explains it as an expression meaning a lamb. Comp. (supra 16:1) “Send lambs (כַּר) of the ruler of the land.”]