Cytowanie Komentarza do Kapłańska 5:21

Introduction Chapter five discusses the oath of deposit. The scenario in which this type of oath would be taken is one where Reuven requests of Shimon to return to him something he (Reuven) left in his (Shimon’s) guard. If Shimon denies having accepted the item as a deposit and takes an oath that he did not do so, and then admits that the oath was false, he is liable. This oath is referred to in Leviticus 5:21-26. An oath of deposit need not only be on a deposit but may be on any item that one person claims from the other. The first mishnah is similar to those that we have learned previously. It categorizes when and to whom this type of oath is applicable.

Das Gesetz betreffs des Verwahrguts-Eides. Lev. 5, 20 ff. „Verwahrguts-Eid“ (שבועת הפקדון) heißt hier jeder falsche Eid, unter dem man eine rechtliche Geld- oder Geldeswert-Forderung des Nächsten ableugnet. Da unter derartigen Forderungen in Lev. 5, 21 פקדון (Verwahrgut) zuerst erwähnt ist, so wird dieser Eid שבועת הפקדון genannt. Es ist hierbei kein Unterschied, ob der Beklagte zu diesem Eide gerichtlich aufgefordert wurde, oder ob er ihn von selbst geleistet hat.

בפני בית דין ושלא בפני ב"ד – if from his own mouth he took an oath, that he uttered an oath from his mouth or answered “amen” after an an oath and afterwards admitted to hit, he is liable for a sacrifice, as it is written (Leviticus 5:21): “by dealing deceitfully with his fellow in the matter of a deposit” of any sort.

before the Lord But is it not so that the Tabernacle was not in Hebron? What then is the meaning of “before the Lord”? Wherever people make a stipulation or enact a covenant, the Omnipresent is there. A similar instance [is found] in [the case of] Jephthah: (Jud. 11:11): “before the Lord in Mizpah.” [Another] similar instance (Lev. 5:21): “and commits an act of treachery against the Lord by making a denial to his neighbor,” as is explained in Torath Kohanim (ad loc.).