Cytowanie Komentarza do Powtórzonego Prawa 23:19

Kap. 17. V. 1. לא תזבח וגו׳ ist ergänzender Schlusssatz des Vorhergehenden. Es war gesagt, daß die Hingebung an unser Pflichtleben, wie dies auf dem Gottesaltar zum Ausdruck gelangt, unser physisches und politisches Heil begründet. Hier wird nun hinzugefügt, daß diese Hingebung unser ganzes Wesen umfassen und ganz der Weise entsprechen müsse, die dem göttlichen Willen gemäß ist. Nichts darf an dem unserem hinzugebenden Wesen zum Ausdruck dienenden Opfertier fehlen (מום), und keine von allen den im Wajikra bezeichneten Gesetzwidrigkeiten den reinen Ausdruck unserer Pflichthingebung trüben (כל דבר רע). כל דבר רע und תועבה umfasst nach dem ספרי alle איסורי המזבח und חולה ;בעל גרב יבלת וחזזית ;בעל מומ קבוע ועבר ;אתנן ומחיר כלאים וטרפה ויואצא דפן ;רבע ונרבע מקצה ונעבד ; לזמנו וחוץ ;למקומו ;זקן ומזהם :פסולי המקדשים siehe Wajikra 1, 2-3; 7, 18; 22, 22-24 sowie 27-28 u. Dewarim 23, 19), und zwar wird hier die "Vollständigkeit" und "Untadelhaftigkeit" unseres Seins und Wollens, wie sie hier als konkretes Ziel aller staatlichen Wirksamkeit und als symbolischer Opferausdruck unserer Einzeln- und Gesamtaufgabe bezeichnet ist, sowohl vom Standpunkt unserer Tatbeziehung (שור) als der unseres Geschickes (שה) zu begreifen gegeben. Dass das Einzelne und die Gesamtheit: שור unserem "Herrn" und: שה unserem "Hirten" ganz und rein sei und bleibe, das hat die Nationalrepräsentanz von ihrem Mittelpunkte aus durch ihre Delegierten in allen Teilen des Landes anzustreben.

If they were mixed up with: an ox with which a transgression had been committed [for instance]: one that had killed a man on the testimony of one witness or of its owner; or [an ox] that had sexual relations with a woman or one with whom a man had sexual relations; or an animal set aside [for idolatry], or that had been worshipped [as an idol]; or that was the fee of a whore, or [a dog's] exchange; or that was kilayim; or terefah; or an animal born through the caesarean section, [In all of these cases] they must graze until they become defected, then they are sold, and one brings [a sacrifice] of the same kind at the price of the better of them. If the sacrifice is mixed up with another animal that cannot be sacrificed, then the animals should graze until they become defected [and thereby unfit for sacrifice], then they can all be sold and the proceeds from the better of them (or the best if there were more than two) must be used to buy a sacrifice of the same kind that was originally mixed in. The mishnah now lists possible ways for a sacrifice to become invalid. The first is that it transgresses or a transgression is committed with it. An animal that kills a human being must be executed and its meat is forbidden, but only if there are two witnesses to the killing. If there is one witness the animal cannot be sacrificed but it can be slaughtered and then eaten. Similarly, an animal that has sexual relations with a human being must be executed but only if there are two witnesses. If there is only one witness it is forbidden to sacrifice the animal but not for people to eat it. The next two categories are animals that were involved in idolatry. If there is only one witness, the animals are only prohibited as sacrifices. According to Deuteronomy 23:19 one may not bring “the fee of a whore or the pay of a dog into the house of the Lord.” The rabbis understand these two things to be an animal used to pay a prostitute or an ox used as payment for a dog. Neither of them can be used as a sacrifice. An animal born from mixed parentage, such as a ram and a ewe, cannot be sacrificed, although it can be eaten. The mishnah here lists a terefah, an animal who after having been slaughtered is found to have a defect that would have caused it to die. A terefah cannot be eaten, so commentators explain that this refers to the offspring of a terefah, which according to some opinions, cannot be sacrificed. An animal born through cesarean section also cannot be sacrificed, although it can be eaten. In all of these cases the animal cannot be used as a sacrifice but it can be eaten. Therefore, if one of these is mixed up with a sacrificial animal, they do not have to let the animals die, as was the case in the previous clause.

Introduction According to Deuteronomy 23:19 one may not bring “a prostitute’s fee or the pay of a dog into the house of the Lord.” The rabbis understand these two things to be an animal used to pay a prostitute or an ox used as payment for a dog. Neither of them can be used as a sacrifice. The next three mishnayot explain what constitutes the “a prostitute’s fee” or “the pay of a dog.”