Cytowanie Komentarza do Psalmów 19:6

One may also see in the words והוא עד, “and he is a witness,” that the meaning of the whole verse is that if he withholds his testimony by not testifying before a court thinking that he can get away with it seeing no one will ever know that he suppressed evidence so how could he be convicted of something? The letters in the words והוא עד refer to G’d being a witness to suppressed evidence even if there is no such evidence in a human court. This would not be the first time that the word הוא is used to describe G’d. One such appearance is in Isaiah 42,8 אני ה' הוא שמי, or Psalms 100,3 הוא עשנו ולו אנחנו, “He has made us and we belong to Him.” A third example is Psalms 19,6 והוא כחתן יוצא מחופתו, “and He (G’d) is like a bridegroom emerging from His wedding canopy.” Still another example of the word הוא meaning “G’d” is Numbers 18,23 ועבד הלוי הוא, “and the Levite will serve G’d.” There are many other examples to confirm what we have said. It is therefore appropriate to translate the words והוא עד in our verse as “and He (G’d) is a witness.” He examines all of man’s motivations, thoughts, etc., and administers punishment based on what He discovers.

דמים לו, “there is blood guilt on his account.” Anyone who kills unless his own life was in danger is subject to the penalty for murder or manslaughter. In this instance, when the identity of the thief has become known, he would not threaten his victim with death as he would be aware that he would suffer the penalty for murder. Seeing that the owner of the house was not in danger he must not kill the intruder.
The reason why the Torah describes the sun shining by using the feminine form of the word זרחה, rather than the customary זרח (compare Kohelet 1,5 or Genesis 32,32) is that the Bible usually does so when it describes the sun spreading its rays over the earth during the day. Examples are: Samuel II 12,11 לעיני השמש הזאת, “in view of this bright sunlight.” The sun is described as masculine in the Bible when it is only at the beginning of its daily journey across the sky. Example: השמש יצא על הארץ, “the sun had risen over the earth” (Genesis 19,23). The author quotes additional examples. At any rate, the meaning is that if the sun has already spread its light all over the earth and it is clear that the thief will be caught and cannot escape, דמים לו, anyone killing him will be guilty. The words have a dual meaning, i.e. they also mean that the thief has to pay compensation to the victim failing which the court will sell his labor for the next 6 years to the kind of master described in 21,2 so that the owner of the stolen property can be compensated.

“The prophecies of Isaiah” [1:1]. The prophet Isaiah prophesied about Israel and about Jerusalem. He punished Israel for their transgressions that they should be pious and that Jerusalem should not be destroyed. He says: listen, heaven and understand, O earth. The Holy One had said to Moses: Say unto Israel that they should see the heaven that I have created to serve you. See if the heaven has altered its service and if the sun stopped shining or giving you light. The sun rejoices in its going out to serve you, as the verse says, “like a groom going out from his wedding” [Psalms, 19:6]. Look at the earth and see if it has changed from serving you. Someone sows a little rye or wheat and does it not grow? You, Israel, need to learn from heaven and earth. They serve as the Holy One commanded them, even though they will have no reward from their service. Even more so, Israel will be punished if they do not observe their commandments.¹Yalkut Shimoni, Isaiah, Remez, 387.

Boaz, corresponding to the sun, [which emerges with might and strength (עֹז) (Yesod Veshoresh Haavodah)], as it is written (ibid. 19: 6): “it rejoices like a mighty man, running,” (Midrassh Tadshe, ch. 2). The “beth” of בֹּעַז is like the “mem” in (Gen. 5:29) נֹחַ יְנַחֲמֵנוּ and in (I Sam 1:20) שְּׁמוּאֵל כִּי מֵה' שְׁאִלְתִּיו.