Talmud do Powtórzonego Prawa 4:9

Rebbi Yoḥanan said: A covenant is sealed that he who labors at his studies in the synagogue will not quickly forget. Rebbi Ḥanina from Ein Tana said: A covenant is sealed that he who labors at his studies in modesty will not quickly forget. What is the reason? (Prov. 11:2) “Wisdom is with the modest.” Rebbi Yoḥanan said: A covenant is sealed that he who studies homiletics from a book will not quickly forget. Rebbi Tanḥum said: He who understands what he has learned will not quickly forget. What is the reason? (Deut. 4:9) “That you shall not forget the things your eyes understood.⁴²The order of the items is not correct; it is better in the Rome manuscript and the fragments of the Yerushalmi from the Genizah: First come the two statements of the second generation Rebbi Yoḥanan. The first one is a continuation of the description of good behavior in the synagogue; the synagogue is a good place for study between times for prayer. The second statement appears here because it is from R. Yoḥanan; it is a polemic against the opinion of R. Joshua ben Levi (Yerushalmi Šabbat 16:1) that homiletics is a part of “oral Torah” that may not be written down. Next comes the statement of R. Ḥanina of Ein Tana, Amora of the fourth generation and student of R. Zeïra. (His name is corrupted in the Venice print to R. Yoḥanan of Ein Tana; it is correct in the Rome ms. Ein Tana was a place near Sepphoris.) At the end comes the statement of the fifth generation Rebbi Tanḥum (Tanḥuma bar Abba, the first known author of a collection of Midrashim and greatest of the preachers of the period of the Talmud Yerushalmi).”

HALAKHAH: “Any commandment the father has to fulfill towards his son,” etc. ⁵⁶⁶Babli 29a,30b; Tosephta 1:11; Mekhilta dR.Ismael,Pisḥa 18.“To circumcise him, to redeem him, to teach him Torah, to teach him a trade, and to marry him to a wife. Rebbi Aqiba says, also to teach him to swim in water.” To circumcise him, “on the eighth day, he shall circumcise the flesh of his foreskin.⁵⁶⁷Lev. 12:3. The masculine form of the verb implies that the father, who otherwise is not mentioned in the paragraph, is obligated to circumcise his son.” “To redeem him,” as is written: “Any firstborn human among your sons you shall redeem.⁵⁶⁸Ex. 13:13.” To teach him Torah, “you shall teach them to your sons.⁵⁶⁹Deut. 11:19. Cf. Berakhot 2:3. Note 110, where the verse is quoted to show that daughters do not have to be instructed in Torah (Babli 29b).” To teach him a trade, Rebbi Ismael stated: “Choose life⁵⁷⁰Deut. 30:19.,” that is a trade. To marry him to a wife, “make it known to your children and grandchildren⁵⁷¹Deut. 4:9..” When do you have children and grandchildren: if you marry off your sons when young. Rebbi Aqiba says, also to swim in water. “That you shall live together with your descendants⁵⁷⁰Deut. 30:19..” How is this? Is it a commandment⁵⁷²A meritorious deed. or is it obligatory? Let us hear from the following: Bar Tarima came to Rebbi Immi and said to him, talk to my father that he should marry me to a woman. He talked to [the father], but the latter refused. That means it is a commandment, for if it were obligatory, he should have forced him. From where that if his father did not do these things for him, he is required to do them himself? The verse says a human you shall redeem⁵⁶⁸Ex. 13:13.”, “you shall circumcise” them⁵⁷³Gen. 17:11., “you shall study them⁵⁷⁴Deut. 4:9; reading וְלָמַדְתֶּם instead of וְלִמַּדְתֶּם.”, “you shall know⁵⁷¹Deut. 4:9.” yourself, “that you shall live⁵⁷⁰Deut. 30:19..”⁵⁷⁵The Babli, 29a–30a, in most cases quotes different verses to the same effects.

He would also say: Anyone who helps his friend perform a mitzvah, the Torah considers it as if he had done it himself. A parable: To what can this be compared? [It can be compared] to a human king who captured a bird and gave it to one of his servants. The king said to him: Be careful with this bird. For if you treat it with care, all will be well. But if you do not, I will take your life for it. So did the Holy Blessed One say to Israel: If you observe these words of Torah that I have given to you, all will be well. But if not, I will take your lives because of them, as it says (Deuteronomy 4:9), (“Just be very careful to protect your life, lest you forget these things that your eyes have seen.”) (And in Deuteronomy 32:47), “It is not an empty thing for you, for it is your very life.”