Wyjścia 32:35 Odniesienia do Talmudu: Jerusalem Talmud Sotah, Jerusalem Talmud Megillah & Avot DeRabbi Natan

¹¹⁶Babli Yoma 66b; Num.rabba 9(53). A lady asked Rebbi Eliezer, why did one sin of the golden calf lead to three different kinds of death¹¹⁷In the aftermath of the sin of the golden calf, it is stated (1) that the Levites killed about 3000 men (Ex. 32:28), (2) that the people died of a plague (Ex. 32:35), (3) that Moses ground the golden calf into dust, spread it on water and let the people drink, in imitation of the soṭah ritual (Ex. 32:20).? He said to her, the wisdom of a woman is only in her spinning rod, as is written: “All wise women span with their hands.¹¹⁸Ex. 35:25. R. Eliezer intended to insult the woman who had dared to study Torah (In the Babli, she is called “a wise woman” and her question is dealt with at length by Rashi in his commentary on the Pentateuch). It is not clear whether this represents the general teaching of the House of Shammai or that of R. Eliezer alone.
Since it is common practice to teach Pentateuch and its interpretation to girls it is impossible to understand how Maimonides and Joseph Caro could have R. Eliezer’s statement included in their Codes.” His son Hyrkanos said to him, in order not to give her an answer you made me lose 300 kor of tithes every year¹¹⁹The lady must have been exeedingly rich if her tithes, given to a Cohen, amounted to 300 kor or 9’000 modii.. He answered him: May the words of the Torah be burned and not be delivered to women! After she had left, his students said to him, rabbi, this one you pushed away with a stick, what do you explain to us? ¹²⁰In the Babli, this answer and the following one are attributed to "one of Rav or Levi ben Sissi.” Rebbi Berekhiah, Rebbi Abba bar Cahana in the name of Rebbi Eliezer: Anybody against whom there were witnesses and warning was executed in court¹²¹According to rabbinic theory, nobody can be convicted by biblical standards unless (1) the crime was witnessed by two witnesses of sterling character and (2) criminal intent is proven by two witnesses who testify that the criminal was informed that his intended deed would subject him to prosecution and nevertheless he persisted in his criminal behavior.. Anybody against whom there were witnesses but no warning was checked similar to a suspected wife¹²²One has to assume that this procedure was part of the police powers granted to Moses in his position of king of the Israelites, and that the guilty persons died from the gold water.. Anybody against whom there were neither witnesses nor warning died from a plague. Rav and Levi bar Sissi both say: One who sacrificed, burned, and poured out a libation was executed in court¹²³Since these are acts of Temple worship, as idolatrous practices they are capital crimes (Mishnah Sanhedrin 7:6).. He who clapped his hands, danced, laughed, was checked similar to a suspected wife¹²⁴These are sinful practices if in idolatrous intent but not criminally prosecutable.. If he enjoyed himself silently, he died from a plague¹²⁵Since this sin was known only to God, its punishment was by the Hand of Heaven..

What is the second story of the Calf? Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: From the answer Moses gave to Aaron up to for Aaron had let it become dissolute, a disgrace before their opponents¹⁸⁰Ex. 32:25.. Ḥanania bar Shelemia in the name of Rav: From the answer Aaron gave Moses to up to for Aaron had let it become dissolute, a disgrace before their opponents. Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Abba: “And the Eternal smote the people because they made the Calf which Aaron made.¹⁸¹Ex. 32:35. Tosephta 3:36, Babli 25b.” Rebbi Mar Uqban in the name of the rabbis there: the shame of a single person in the public is not comparable to the shame of the public in matters of the public¹⁸²The first story of the Calf centers on the people whose guilt is diluted by their numbers. The second story centers on Aaron and declares his incompetence as leader..

The Holy Blessed One tested our ancestors with ten trials, and they did not emerge whole from any of them. They are as follows: “In the wilderness, on the plain, facing Suf, [between Paran, and Tophel, and Lavan, and Hatzerot, and Di-zahav]” (Deuteronomy 1:1). “In the wilderness”: When they made the Golden Calf, as it says (Exodus 32:8), “They made themselves a molten calf.” “On the plain”: Because of water, as it says (Exodus 17:3), “There the people thirsted for water.” “Facing Suf”: When they rebelled at the Sea of Reeds (and some say: This was the idol that Micah made). Rabbi Yehudah said: They rebelled at the sea, meaning, they rebelled in the sea, as it says (Psalms 106:7), “They rebelled at the Sea of Reeds.” “Between Paran”: With regard to the spies (as it says in Numbers 13:3), “Moses sent them from the wilderness of Paran.” “And Tophel”: These were the frivolous words (tiphlot) they said about the manna. “Lavan”: This was Korah’s mutiny. “Hatzerot”: Because of the quails. So far, that is seven. But in another place (Deuteronomy 9:22) it says, “At Tav’erah, and at Masah, and at Kivrot HaTa’avah.” “Di-zahav”: This is when (Aaron) said to them: Enough (dai) of this golden (zahav) sin which you have committed with the calf! But Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov would say: [Terrible] enough (dai) is this sin that Israel was punished for to last from now until the resurrection of the dead.