Вайикра 19:10 Комментарий: Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Rashbam & Rabbeinu Bahya

לא תעולל AND THOU SHALT NOT GLEAN [THY VINE YARD] — (עלל is a verb connected with the noun עולל "young, tender, not developed"; cf. Samuel 15:3: עולל ויונק) thus לא תעולל means, thou shalt not take the tender grapes of it. They can be recognized as such from the description given in Mishna Peah 7:4 (cf. also Sifra, Kedoshim, Chapter 3 3) where it is stated: What are עוללות? Clusters which have neither כתף, “arms" nor נטף, "drippings".

do not glean [Hebrew: t‘olel] your vineyard Do not obliterate the ‘olelot , the young, immature grapes (from the word “child” [Hebrew: ‘olel] [Jeremiah 44:7]), sometimes called the “sucklings”. This is a denominalized verb, as in “root you out of the land of the living” [Psalms 52:7] (meaning, he will destroy the roots), and “branches the bough” [Isaiah 10:33] (meaning, he will destroy the branch).

לא תעולל, meaning something akin to the concept of peyah in cornfields, i.e. the farmer must not harvest the entire vineyard for his own use. The parallel verse appears in Jeremiah 6,9 עולל יעוללו כגפן, “let them glean over and over, as a vine.”

ופרט כרמך [NEITHER SHALT THOU COLLECT] THE FALLEN GRAPES OF THY VINE YARD — i. e. the single berries of the grapes which fall to the ground during the grape gathering.