Вайикра 19:35 Комментарий: Tze'enah Ure'enah, Rashi, Ibn Ezra & Rashbam

“Length, weight or capacity” [19:35]. You should measure with a proper measure and weigh with proper weights and when you measure wine, mead, or beer, you should not make any foam, expecting that they should think that the measure is full, and afterwards it will recede. Rabbi Levi said: a false measure is more severe than adultery. When he had given his friend a false measure he cannot return it, and thus cannot repent for it. However, adultery, as long as no child was born from it, he can easily repent. However, a false measure, he cannot know what he measured falsely, thus he cannot return it and no repentance helps until he returns the theft.²¹Bahya, Leviticus, 19:35.

לא תעשו עול במשפט YE SHALL NOT DO UNRIGHTEOUSNESS IN משפט — If this has a reference to the execution of justice it would be redundant, for it has already been stated (v. 15) “Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment”. What, then is the meaning of משפט mentioned here? It refers to what is right in respect to measure of length, to weight and to measure of capacity. The use of the word משפט here teaches us, therefore, that one who has to do with measuring (in trade or commerce) is termed (is regarded as) “a judge” so that if he gives false measure he is like the judge who perverts justice and he is therefore called "an unjust person” (עַוָּל), hateful, detested, doomed to destruction, and an abomination (cf. Rashi v. 15). He brings about those five things which are mentioned in connection with the judge who perverts justice: he defiles the land, profanes the Name of the Lord, causes the Shechinah to depart from Israel's midst, Israel to fall by the sword and to be exiled from their land (Sifra, Kedoshim, Chapter 8 5).

Do not act dishonestly mentioned here on account of the convert — as in, “execute justice between a man and his neighbor, and even a convert” [Deuteronomy 1:16]. Similarly, do not act deceitfully when you measure length. This clearly implies, since the units of length differ from place to place, that you must deal in terms that are commonly used in your location.