Вайикра 19:9 Комментарий: Tze'enah Ure'enah, Rashi, Ibn Ezra & Sforno

“When you reap the harvest” [19:9]. When you will harvest grain, wheat or barley you should allow the corners of the field stand with grain, expecting that the poor person will come and take it. Similarly, with vineyards you should not forget the poor person and leave wine for him. When the owner lets two ears fall in the field, he should not take them. He must leave them for the poor person. However, when three ears fall on the ground, then the poor person should not take it; it belongs to the landowner.⁷Rashi, Leviticus, 19:9–10.

לא תכלה פאת שדך THOU SHALT NOT WHOLLY REAP THE CORNER OF THY FIELD — This means that one must leave פאה (an uncut portion) at the extremity of one's field (cf. Sifra, Kedoshim, Chapter 1 9; Mishna Peah 1:2; Shabbat 23a).

The reason for mentioning When you reap… after mentioning the peace-offering, is that we must allocate our harvest the same way we allocate the sacrificial portions of a peace-offering: for the glory of God, for the poor, and for the alien. The word When you reap is grammatically bizarre, because it is a verbal noun derived from the qal form [and the qof should be vocalized with a qamaṣ qaṭan].

ולקט קצירך [NEITHER SHALT THOU COLLECT] THE GLEANINGS OF THY HARVEST — Gleanings are ears that drop from the hand of the harvester during the reaping — one or two at a time, but three do not come under the category of לקט (Mishna Peah 6:5; Sanhedrin 99a).