Вайикра 23:36 Комментарий: Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Ramban & Rashbam

עצרת הוא — The word is derived from the root עצר “to hold back” and suggests: I keep you back with Me one day more. It is similar to the case of a king who invited his children to a banquet for a certain number of days. When the time arrived for them to take their departure he said, “Children, I beg of you, stay one day more with me; it is so hard for me to part with you!” (cf. Rashi on Numbers 29:36 and Sukkah 55b).

for seven days you shall present a fire-offering Unlike the fire-offering of the Passover holiday, however, these fire-offerings are not all identical.

IT IS ‘ATZERETH.’⁴²⁶The word atzereth is of the root atzor (to hold back, restrain). Rashi will accordingly explain that the eighth day of Tabernacles is the day G-d requested Israel “to hold back” yet another day before leaving for their homes. Ramban will explain atzereth in the sense of “binding,” or “holding in,” because this day represents the assembly of all emanations alluded to by all festivals, as mentioned in the text. “I keep you back before Me. It is similar to the case of a prince who invited his children to a banquet for a certain number of days. When the time came for them to leave, he said, ‘I beg of you stay with me for yet one more day, for your departure is so hard for me!’” This is Rashi’s language. And these are words of Agadah (homily) in Vayikra Rabbah.⁴²⁷I did not find it in Vayikra Rabbah. See though Tractate Succah 55 b.
By way of the Truth, [the mystic teachings of the Cabala], for in six days the Eternal made the heaven and the earth,⁴²⁸Exodus 20:11. See also Vol. I, p. 28: “In the profounder sense etc.” and the seventh day is the Sabbath which has no partner, and the congregation of Israel is its partner,⁴²⁹To each of the first six days of the week there is, so-to-say a partner, but the seventh odd day has no partner. And since blessing does not come solitary, G-d gave the congregation of Israel to be the Sabbath’s partner (Bereshith Rabbah 11:9). See also Vol. I, p. 60. as it is said, and the earth,⁴²⁸Exodus 20:11. See also Vol. I, p. 28: “In the profounder sense etc.” this being the eighth day. It is ‘Atzereth,’ for there everything is assembled. Now with respect to the Festival of Unleavened Bread He commanded that it be observed for seven days, with the first and seventh [days] being holy, though they are all holy and the Eternal is among them.⁴³⁰Numbers 16:3. From then on [i.e., beginning with the second day of Passover] we are to count forty-nine days[of the omer], which are seven weeks comparable to the [seven] “days” of the world,⁴³¹The thought suggested is that the seven “weeks” of the omer are comparable to “the days” of the world, and Shevuoth is thus like the “eighth day” in the Festival of Tabernacles; and the forty-nine days between the first day and “the eighth day” are thus like the intermediate days of the Festival of Tabernacles (Abusaula). and then to sanctify the “eighth day” [i.e., the Festival of Weeks] just as the eighth day of Tabernacles [is holy]; and [the forty-nine days] counted between them are in the “intermediate days” of the festival, in the interval separating the first day and “eighth day” of the festival, this being the day of the Giving of the Torah when He made them to see His great fire and His words they heard out of the midst of the fire.⁴³²Deuteronomy 4:36. Therefore our Rabbis, of blessed memory, always called the Festival of Weeks by the name of Atzereth⁴³³As in Chagigah 17 a. [a name here used in the verse for the eighth day of the Festival of Tabernacles], for it is on “the eighth” day of the festival, which Scripture here so called by that name. And this is the [intention of the] saying of the Rabbis:⁴³⁴Rosh Hashanah 4 b. “The eighth day is a festival for itself” with respect to ‘p’zar k’shab,’⁴³⁵This is an acrostic for the following Hebrew words: pa’yis (lots), z’man (time), regel (festival), korban (offering), shir (song), brachah (blessing). These are all references to various laws indicating that the eighth day of Tabernacles is not considered as just another day of that festival, but is rather an independent festival by itself. Such acrostics were used in order to assist memory. but yet it complements the first [seven] days⁴³⁶Thus: “He that made no offerings on the first festival day of Tabernacles, must offer them any day throughout the whole festival, even on the last [i.e., the eighth] day of Tabernacles” (Chagigah 9 a). In that respect the eighth day is connected with the first seven days. since it is an emanation of the first days but is not like their unity. Therefore in the section of All the firstlings⁴³⁷Deuteronomy 15:19. He mentions in speaking of the three festivals — the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Tabernacles — [that the Festival of Tabernacles] is seven days⁴³⁸Ibid., 16:15. and He did not mention the eighth day, for there He said, all thy males appear etc.⁴³⁹Ibid., Verse 16. See my Hebrew commentary p. 197. This is thus clear.

כל מלאכת עבדה ANY WORK THAT IS AN עבדה — i. e. even such work which rests as an obligation (עבודה) upon you because if it is left undone it involves monetary loss (cf. Rashi v. 8),