Йешайау 51:17 Комментарий: Tze'enah Ure'enah, Rashi, Ibn Ezra & Malbim

“Rouse, rouse yourself, arise, O Jerusalem, etc.” [51:17]. Awake Jerusalem, you have drunk enough of the bitter drink of exile. You have drunk it all; you have not even left the dregs. That is to say, they have imbibed the exile, for their sins.

dregs Heb. קֻבַּעַת. Jonathan renders: פַּיְלֵי, which is the name of a cup [phiala in Latin]. But it appears to me that קֻבַּעַת, these are the dregs fixed (קְבוּעִים) to the bottom of the vessel, and the word מָצִית, “you have drained,” indicates it, as it is said (Ps. 75:9): “...shall drain (יִמְצוּ) its dregs.”

Which hast drunk, etc. Israel is compared to a man that is drunk, and is not aware of what is done unto him; he lies down in deep sleep.

weakness Heb. תַּרְעֵלָה. That is a drink that clogs and weakens the strength of a person, like one bound, tied, and enwrapped. Comp. (Nahum 2:4) “And the cypress trees were enwrapped (הָרְעָלוּ).” Also (supra 3: 19), “And the bracelets and the veils (רְעָלוֹת),” which is an expression of enwrapping, and in Tractate Shabbath (6:6): “Median women (sic) may go out veiled (רְעוּלוֹת),” a kind of beautiful veil in which to enwrap oneself.

תַּרְעֵלָה is entoumissant in O.F., (stiffening, weakening, paralyzing).

you have drained Heb. מָצִית, egoutter in French, [to drain, exhaust].