וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כְּתָב־לְךָ֖ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֞י עַל־פִּ֣י ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה כָּרַ֧תִּי אִתְּךָ֛ בְּרִ֖ית וְאֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
И сказал Господь Моисею: 'Напиши эти слова, ибо после этих слов Я заключил завет с тобою и с Израилем.'
Rashi
את הדברים האלה [WRITE THOU] THESE WORDS — These words, but you are not permitted to write down the “Oral Law” (Gittin 60b).
Chizkuni
על פי הדברים האלה, “in accordance with these words, etc.;” “these words,” are the warnings to refrain from anything remotely resembling idolatry. This includes a prohibition of concluding a political agreement with neighbouring countries is considered something akin to idolatry, in view of the fact that it may lead to intermarriage between Jews and gentiles. It also includes the obligation for you to observe the pilgrimage festivals during which you confirm your loyalty to Torah by presenting yourselves to the G-d Who had given you His Torah. כרתי אתך ברית, “the covenant I concluded with you was conditional on your observing these words.”
Ramban
WRITE THOU THESE WORDS. G-d commanded Moses that he write a book of covenant and read it in the hearing of the people,539Above, 24:7. and they should accept it upon themselves by saying, we will do and we will obey,539Above, 24:7. as they had done at first; for He wanted that the whole procedure with the first Tablets should now be repeated with the second Tablets. There is no doubt that Moses actually did repeat it; however, Scripture did not want to prolong the account by saying, “and Moses did so,” as I have shown you in many places.540Ibid., 10:2, etc.
The correct interpretation appears to me to be, that since Israel had sinned and violated the [first] covenant, the Holy One, blessed be He, had to renew the covenant with them, so that He should not nullify His covenant with them, and so He told Moses to write the conditions [of the renewed covenant]. This is the sense of the verse, for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel. The meaning of with thee is that for your sake I have done it with them, and it will not be necessary for them to bring themselves into the bond of this covenant.541Ezekiel 20:37. However, G-d, blessed be He, had to make with them a covenant on the forgiveness that He extended to them [for their sin with the calf], and so [Moses] wrote the forgiveness, and the conditions [of the new covenant].
The correct interpretation appears to me to be, that since Israel had sinned and violated the [first] covenant, the Holy One, blessed be He, had to renew the covenant with them, so that He should not nullify His covenant with them, and so He told Moses to write the conditions [of the renewed covenant]. This is the sense of the verse, for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel. The meaning of with thee is that for your sake I have done it with them, and it will not be necessary for them to bring themselves into the bond of this covenant.541Ezekiel 20:37. However, G-d, blessed be He, had to make with them a covenant on the forgiveness that He extended to them [for their sin with the calf], and so [Moses] wrote the forgiveness, and the conditions [of the new covenant].