וְאֵ֛לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֥ת אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּמֹשֶׁ֑ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּהַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃
Это поколение Аарона и Моисея в тот день, когда Господь говорил с Моисеем на горе Синай.
Vayikra Rabbah
What is the difference between prophets of Israel and prophets of the nations of the world? Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina and Rabbi Yisakhar of Kefar Mandi: Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina said: The Holy One blessed be He appears to the nations of the world with only truncated speech, just as it says: “God happened [vayikar] upon Bilam” (Numbers 23:4). But [He communicates with] the prophets of Israel with complete speech, as it is stated: “He called [vayikra] to Moses.” Rabbi Yisakhar of Kefar Mandi said: So shall be their reward. Vayikar is an expression of nothing other than impurity, just as it says: “Who will not be pure due to a nocturnal incident [mikreh]” (Deuteronomy 23:11). But the prophets of Israel [receive prophecy] with an expression of sanctity, with an expression of purity, with an expression of clarity, with an expression with which the ministering angels laud the Holy One blessed be He, just as it says: “One called [vekara] to the other and said: [Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts]” (Isaiah 6:3).
Rabbi Ilai bar Menaḥem said: It is written: “The Lord is far from the wicked” (Proverbs 15:29), and it is written: “And He hears the prayer of the righteous” (Proverbs 15:29). “The Lord is far from the wicked” – these are the prophets of the nations of the world. “And He hears the prayer of the righteous” – these are the prophets of Israel. You find that the Holy One blessed be He appears to the nations of the world only like a man who came from a distance, just as it says: “From a distant land they came to me” (Isaiah 39:3). But the prophets of Israel, immediately: “[The Lord] appeared” (Genesis 18:1), “He called.”21God appears to the prophets of Israel immediately, whereas regarding prophecies to individuals from other nations the verse first states that God came to them, and only then states that he spoke with them. See Genesis 20:3, 31:24, and Numbers 22:20 (Rabbi David Luria).
Rabbi Yosei said: The Holy One blessed be He appears to the nations of the world only at night, at a time when people are separated from one another, as it is written: “In thoughts from visions of the night, [when slumber] falls” (Job 4:13), “a matter was smuggled to me…” (Job 4:12).
Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa and the Rabbis: Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa said: This is analogous to a king who was in a hall with his friend and there was a curtain between them. When he would speak with his friend, he would fold the curtain until he could see his friend face-to-face and speak with him. But for others, he would not do so; rather, he would speak to them with the curtain partition spread between them, and they could not see him. The Rabbis say: This is analogous to a king who had a wife and a concubine. When he would go to his wife, he would go in public, and when he would go to his concubine he would go clandestinely. So too, the Holy One blessed be He appears to the nations of the world only at night, as it is stated: “God came to Avimelekh in a nocturnal dream” (Genesis 20:3); “God came to Laban the Aramean in a nocturnal dream” (Genesis 31:24); “God came to Bilam at night” (Numbers 22:20). But [God appears] to the prophets of Israel by day, as it is stated: “[The Lord appeared to him…] and he was sitting at the entrance of his tent in the heat of the day” (Genesis 18:1); “it was on the day the Lord spoke to Moses” (Exodus 6:28); “this is the legacy of Aaron and Moses on the day the Lord spoke to Moses…” (Numbers 3:1).
Rabbi Ilai bar Menaḥem said: It is written: “The Lord is far from the wicked” (Proverbs 15:29), and it is written: “And He hears the prayer of the righteous” (Proverbs 15:29). “The Lord is far from the wicked” – these are the prophets of the nations of the world. “And He hears the prayer of the righteous” – these are the prophets of Israel. You find that the Holy One blessed be He appears to the nations of the world only like a man who came from a distance, just as it says: “From a distant land they came to me” (Isaiah 39:3). But the prophets of Israel, immediately: “[The Lord] appeared” (Genesis 18:1), “He called.”21God appears to the prophets of Israel immediately, whereas regarding prophecies to individuals from other nations the verse first states that God came to them, and only then states that he spoke with them. See Genesis 20:3, 31:24, and Numbers 22:20 (Rabbi David Luria).
Rabbi Yosei said: The Holy One blessed be He appears to the nations of the world only at night, at a time when people are separated from one another, as it is written: “In thoughts from visions of the night, [when slumber] falls” (Job 4:13), “a matter was smuggled to me…” (Job 4:12).
Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa and the Rabbis: Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa said: This is analogous to a king who was in a hall with his friend and there was a curtain between them. When he would speak with his friend, he would fold the curtain until he could see his friend face-to-face and speak with him. But for others, he would not do so; rather, he would speak to them with the curtain partition spread between them, and they could not see him. The Rabbis say: This is analogous to a king who had a wife and a concubine. When he would go to his wife, he would go in public, and when he would go to his concubine he would go clandestinely. So too, the Holy One blessed be He appears to the nations of the world only at night, as it is stated: “God came to Avimelekh in a nocturnal dream” (Genesis 20:3); “God came to Laban the Aramean in a nocturnal dream” (Genesis 31:24); “God came to Bilam at night” (Numbers 22:20). But [God appears] to the prophets of Israel by day, as it is stated: “[The Lord appeared to him…] and he was sitting at the entrance of his tent in the heat of the day” (Genesis 18:1); “it was on the day the Lord spoke to Moses” (Exodus 6:28); “this is the legacy of Aaron and Moses on the day the Lord spoke to Moses…” (Numbers 3:1).
Ein Yaakov (Glick Edition)
R. Samuel b. Nachmeni in the name of R. Jonathan said: "He who teaches the Torah to the son of his neighbor, Scripture considers him as if he begot him, as it is said (Num. 3, 1) And these are the generations of Aaron and Moses; and the following verse reads: And these are the names of the sons of Aaron, to teach you that Aaron begot [his sons] but Moses taught them, therefore they are recorded under his name." (Is. 29, 22) Therefore thus hath said the Lord unto the house of Jacob, he who hath redeemed Abraham. Where do we find that Jacob redeemed Abraham? R. Juda said: "He redeemed him from the trouble of rearing children. And this is what is meant by the passage (Ib) Not now shall Jacob be ashamed, and not now shall his face he made pale — i.e., he shall not be ashamed of his father and his face shall not become pale because of his grandfather."
Bamidbar Rabbah
“The children of Israel did in accordance with everything that the Lord commanded Moses, so they encamped according to their banners, and so they traveled, each according to his families, by his patrilineal house” (Numbers 2:34).
“The children of Israel did in accordance with everything that the Lord commanded Moses.” The banners are beloved before the Omnipresent, as He wrote in their regard: “As the Lord commanded Moses” (Numbers 2:33), just as it is written regarding the labor of the Tabernacle.
“So they encamped according to their banners, and so they traveled, each according to his families, by his patrilineal house.” The verse tells that immediately, Israel was swift to fulfill the word of the Omnipresent regarding the banners, and did not hesitate to perform it.
“The children of Israel did….” Where was Aaron? Rabbi Yehoshua bar Rabbi Neḥemya and Rabbi Levi bar Ḥayata in the name of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: When he came to establish their lineage, Israel said to him: ‘You are establishing our lineage? Before you come to establish our lineage, go and establish the lineage of Elazar your son. To whom is he married? Is it not to the daughter of Putiel?’ That is what is written: “Elazar, son of Aaron, took from the daughters of Putiel as a wife” (Exodus 6:25). When the Holy One blessed be He saw that they were disparaging him, He accorded precedence to the honor of Aaron relative to the honor of Moses. That is what is written: “These are the generations [toldot] of Aaron and Moses” (Numbers 3:1).
“The children of Israel did in accordance with everything that the Lord commanded Moses.” The banners are beloved before the Omnipresent, as He wrote in their regard: “As the Lord commanded Moses” (Numbers 2:33), just as it is written regarding the labor of the Tabernacle.
“So they encamped according to their banners, and so they traveled, each according to his families, by his patrilineal house.” The verse tells that immediately, Israel was swift to fulfill the word of the Omnipresent regarding the banners, and did not hesitate to perform it.
“The children of Israel did….” Where was Aaron? Rabbi Yehoshua bar Rabbi Neḥemya and Rabbi Levi bar Ḥayata in the name of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: When he came to establish their lineage, Israel said to him: ‘You are establishing our lineage? Before you come to establish our lineage, go and establish the lineage of Elazar your son. To whom is he married? Is it not to the daughter of Putiel?’ That is what is written: “Elazar, son of Aaron, took from the daughters of Putiel as a wife” (Exodus 6:25). When the Holy One blessed be He saw that they were disparaging him, He accorded precedence to the honor of Aaron relative to the honor of Moses. That is what is written: “These are the generations [toldot] of Aaron and Moses” (Numbers 3:1).