לְכָל־הָ֨אֹת֜וֹת וְהַמּוֹפְתִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁלָחוֹ֙ יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְפַרְעֹ֥ה וּלְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו וּלְכָל־אַרְצֽוֹ׃
во всех знамениях и чудесах, которые Господь послал ему сделать в земле Египетской, фараону и всем слугам его и по всей земле его;
Midrash Tehillim
"To the choirmaster, a psalm of David. An oracle of transgression to the wicked. This is what the scripture says (Deuteronomy 33:29), 'Happy are you, O Israel! Who is like you, a people saved by the Lord?' The Holy One, blessed be He, fights the wars of Israel and ensures their victory. And it also says (Deuteronomy 34:11-12), 'For all the signs and wonders, and for all the mighty deeds and the great terror which Moses performed in the sight of all Israel, there has not arisen a prophet since in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face.' Only Moses spoke with God. The Holy One, blessed be He, sent him and ensured Moses' victory. And so Deborah says (Judges 5:12), 'Awake, awake, Deborah! Awake, awake, break out in a song! Arise, Barak, lead away your captives, O son of Abinoam.' And when David went down to fight Goliath the Philistine, what did he say? (1 Samuel 17:46) 'This day the Lord will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you down, and cut off your head; and I will give the dead bodies of the host of the Philistines this day to the birds of the air and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel.' And when the women were singing and dancing (1 Samuel 18:7) 'Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands,' David said to the Holy One, blessed be He, 'You gave me the victory, and I will also give You the victory.' To the choirmaster, a psalm of David. And David looked at Goliath and saw that he was a mighty and fearsome warrior, adorned with all kinds of armor. He thought to himself, 'Who can defeat him?' But when he saw that Goliath was blaspheming and mocking, he said, 'Now I know that I can defeat him, because he is not afraid of the Lord.' As it is said, 'An oracle of transgression to the wicked.' From here we learn that the Holy One, blessed be He, judges the wicked only when they have no fear of Him. And likewise, the Holy One, blessed be He, says to Israel (Jeremiah 2:19), 'Your wickedness will chastise you, and your apostasies will reprove you. Know then, and see, how evil and bitter it is for you to forsake the Lord your God.' Therefore, it is said, 'There is no fear of God before his eyes.'"...
Shemot Rabbah
This is one of three things that Moses did based on his own reasoning, and his reasoning accorded with the reasoning of the Holy One blessed be He. He separated from his wife; Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: He expounded and said: If regarding Mount Sinai, whose sanctity was temporary, it is stated: “Do not approach a woman” (Exodus 19:15), I, who, each and every moment He speaks with me, is it not right that I should be separated from my wife? Rabbi Akiva says: It was stated to him from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “Mouth to mouth I speak with him” (Numbers 12:8).5When Miriam and Aaron disparaged Moses for having separated from his wife, God responded by saying “Mouth to mouth I speak with him.” Rabbi Akiva interprets this to mean that God told them that He had commanded Moses to separate from his wife. Rabbi Yehuda said: It was stated to him from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “Do not approach a woman”; Moses was included among them and all were prohibited. When [God] said: “Return you to your tents” (Deuteronomy 5:27), He permitted them. Moses said to Him: ‘Am I included among them?’ He said to him: No, “you stay here with Me” (Deuteronomy 5:28).
Additionally, [Moses] expounded and said: If at Mount Sinai, which was temporary, He would not have spoken to me until He called to me,6Only after God called to Moses and told him to ascend the mountain was God ready to speak with him. Had Moses ascended before being called, God would not have spoken to him. as it is stated: “The Lord called to him from the mountain, saying” (Exodus 19:3), at the Tent of Meeting7The sanctity there was permanent. all the more so. The Holy One blessed be He knew, and He called to him, as it is stated: “He called to Moses…[from the Tent of Meeting]” (Leviticus 1:1).
Additionally, [Moses] expounded and said: If regarding the paschal offering, which is an offering of lesser sanctity, it is stated: “No stranger shall partake of it” (Exodus 12:43), the tablets that are the handiwork of God, shall idolaters have use of them? That is why he broke them. See the praiseworthiness of Moses. Aaron and the seventy elders were seizing Moses’ hands, but they were unable to overcome him. Not only those, but the will of the Holy One blessed be He, too, was that he not break them, as it is stated: “All the signs and the wonders” (Deuteronomy 34:11).8Moses’ breaking of the tablets was a “wonder” in that he overpowered the elders in order to break the tablets and that he did so without God’s prior approval. Alternatively, God was actually opposed to the breaking of the tablets; He wanted Moses to withhold them from the Israelites but not to break them (Etz Yosef). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: Let there be peace for that hand, as it is stated: “And with all the mighty hand” (Deuteronomy 34:12).9The reference is to the hand with which he broke the tablets. Thus, God’s blessing of Moses’ hand expressed His approval of Moses’ act after the fact (Rashash).
Additionally, [Moses] expounded and said: If at Mount Sinai, which was temporary, He would not have spoken to me until He called to me,6Only after God called to Moses and told him to ascend the mountain was God ready to speak with him. Had Moses ascended before being called, God would not have spoken to him. as it is stated: “The Lord called to him from the mountain, saying” (Exodus 19:3), at the Tent of Meeting7The sanctity there was permanent. all the more so. The Holy One blessed be He knew, and He called to him, as it is stated: “He called to Moses…[from the Tent of Meeting]” (Leviticus 1:1).
Additionally, [Moses] expounded and said: If regarding the paschal offering, which is an offering of lesser sanctity, it is stated: “No stranger shall partake of it” (Exodus 12:43), the tablets that are the handiwork of God, shall idolaters have use of them? That is why he broke them. See the praiseworthiness of Moses. Aaron and the seventy elders were seizing Moses’ hands, but they were unable to overcome him. Not only those, but the will of the Holy One blessed be He, too, was that he not break them, as it is stated: “All the signs and the wonders” (Deuteronomy 34:11).8Moses’ breaking of the tablets was a “wonder” in that he overpowered the elders in order to break the tablets and that he did so without God’s prior approval. Alternatively, God was actually opposed to the breaking of the tablets; He wanted Moses to withhold them from the Israelites but not to break them (Etz Yosef). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: Let there be peace for that hand, as it is stated: “And with all the mighty hand” (Deuteronomy 34:12).9The reference is to the hand with which he broke the tablets. Thus, God’s blessing of Moses’ hand expressed His approval of Moses’ act after the fact (Rashash).
Bereshit Rabbah
“You are fairer [yafyafita] than sons of man; grace flows…” (Psalms 45:3) – [this refers to Abraham]. You are fair13The word yafyafita, with a doubling of the syllable yaf, indicates two kinds of beauty. among the heavenly, as it is stated: “The angels cried outside” (Isaiah 33:7).14The angels cried for Abraham at the binding of Isaac (see Bereshit Rabba 56:5). You are fair among the earthly – “you are a prince of God in our midst” (Genesis 23:6). “Therefore, God has blessed you forever” (Psalms 45:3) – “the Lord blessed Abraham with everything.”
“Who will ascend the mountain of the Lord?” (Psalms 24:3). This refers to Abraham, [who experienced spiritual elevation atop Mount Moriah, where God told him:] “Now I know that you are God fearing” (Genesis 22:12). “Who will stand [yakum] in His holy place?” (Psalms 24:3) – this refers to Abraham, as it is stated: “Abraham arose [vayakom] early in the morning, to go to the place” (Genesis 19:27). “Clean of hands and pure of heart” (Psalms 24:4) – “[Abram said to the king of Sodom: I have raised my hand to the Lord…] that neither a thread nor a shoelace [nor anything of yours shall I take]” (Genesis 14:22–23); “and pure of heart” – [for he said to God:] “Far be it from You to do something like this, [to put the righteous to death along with the wicked]” (Genesis 18:25). “Who has not taken a soul in vain” (Psalms 24:4) – this refers to Nimrod’s soul;15Abraham slew Nimrod, but it was not without justification, because Nimrod was pursuing him to kill him. “nor taken an oath deceitfully” (Psalms 24:4) – “I have raised my hand to the Lord, God Most High” (Genesis 14:22). “He will receive the blessing of the Lord, and righteousness [from the God of his salvation]” (Psalms 24:5) – “Abraham was old…and the Lord blessed Abraham with everything.”
Abraham was the source of blessing for everyone, as it is stated: “[All the families of the earth] shall be blessed in you” (Genesis 12:3). Who was the source of blessing for Abraham? The Holy One blessed be He was his source of blessing – “the Lord blessed Abraham with everything.” Moses was the source of miracles for Israel, as it is written: “With all the signs and the wonders…that Moses performed” (Deuteronomy 34:11–12). Who was the source of miracles for Moses? It was the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “Moses built an altar and called its name; The Lord Is My Miracle” (Exodus 17:15).
David was Israel’s shepherd, as it is stated: “You will shepherd My people Israel” (I Chronicles 11:2). Who was David’s shepherd? It was the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want” (Psalms 23:1).
Jerusalem is the source of light for the world, as it is stated: “Nations will walk by your light” (Isaiah 60:3). Who is the source of light for Jerusalem? It is the Holy One blessed be He, as it is written: “The Lord will be an eternal light for you” (Isaiah 60:19).
“Who will ascend the mountain of the Lord?” (Psalms 24:3). This refers to Abraham, [who experienced spiritual elevation atop Mount Moriah, where God told him:] “Now I know that you are God fearing” (Genesis 22:12). “Who will stand [yakum] in His holy place?” (Psalms 24:3) – this refers to Abraham, as it is stated: “Abraham arose [vayakom] early in the morning, to go to the place” (Genesis 19:27). “Clean of hands and pure of heart” (Psalms 24:4) – “[Abram said to the king of Sodom: I have raised my hand to the Lord…] that neither a thread nor a shoelace [nor anything of yours shall I take]” (Genesis 14:22–23); “and pure of heart” – [for he said to God:] “Far be it from You to do something like this, [to put the righteous to death along with the wicked]” (Genesis 18:25). “Who has not taken a soul in vain” (Psalms 24:4) – this refers to Nimrod’s soul;15Abraham slew Nimrod, but it was not without justification, because Nimrod was pursuing him to kill him. “nor taken an oath deceitfully” (Psalms 24:4) – “I have raised my hand to the Lord, God Most High” (Genesis 14:22). “He will receive the blessing of the Lord, and righteousness [from the God of his salvation]” (Psalms 24:5) – “Abraham was old…and the Lord blessed Abraham with everything.”
Abraham was the source of blessing for everyone, as it is stated: “[All the families of the earth] shall be blessed in you” (Genesis 12:3). Who was the source of blessing for Abraham? The Holy One blessed be He was his source of blessing – “the Lord blessed Abraham with everything.” Moses was the source of miracles for Israel, as it is written: “With all the signs and the wonders…that Moses performed” (Deuteronomy 34:11–12). Who was the source of miracles for Moses? It was the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “Moses built an altar and called its name; The Lord Is My Miracle” (Exodus 17:15).
David was Israel’s shepherd, as it is stated: “You will shepherd My people Israel” (I Chronicles 11:2). Who was David’s shepherd? It was the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want” (Psalms 23:1).
Jerusalem is the source of light for the world, as it is stated: “Nations will walk by your light” (Isaiah 60:3). Who is the source of light for Jerusalem? It is the Holy One blessed be He, as it is written: “The Lord will be an eternal light for you” (Isaiah 60:19).