וְהָיָ֨ה כִנּ֜וֹר וָנֶ֗בֶל תֹּ֧ף וְחָלִ֛יל וָיַ֖יִן מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת פֹּ֤עַל יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א יַבִּ֔יטוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃
И арфа, и гусли, и табрет, и труба, и вино в праздниках их; Но они не рассматривают работу Господа, и они не рассматривали действия Его рук.
Otzar Midrashim
3 The knowledge of the seasons and signs is considered as Jewish wisdom [science] and they said [Tractate Shabbat 75a]: whosoever knows how to compute the times of the seasons and signs [exact day and planetary hour of the inception of the equinoxes and solstices, etc.] and does not compute [these times], the verse says of him (Isaiah 5:12): 'And about what the Lord will do, they have no inkling, nor did they learn about what He did.' And [furthermore] Rabbi Yoḥanan said: 'How do we know that it is a miṣvah for a [learned - האדם] man to compute the seasons and the signs? It is from the verse (Deuteronomy 4:5-6): 'And you shall keep them and do them for it is your wisdom-and-understanding [חכמה ובינה] before the eyes of the peoples'. What wisdom-and-understanding [חכמה ובינה] is before the eyes of the peoples? One must say this is the computation of the seasons and signs (Tractate Sabbath 75a). They also said: There are 12 astrological signs in the Rokia [heavenly sphere] and for each astrological sign there are 30 armies, and for each army there are 30 regiments and for each regiment there are 30 corps, etc. (Tractate Berachot 58). In a baraita, they said that the constellation Agla [Calf - Great Bear?] is in the north and the constellation Akrav [Scorpio] is in the south, and the entire settled habitation dwells between Agla and Akrav (Pesaḥim 94). And they identified the influence of the seven planets, ShŞ"M‒HNK"L [Shabtai-Saturn, Şedek-Jupiter, Madim-Mars ‒ Ḥama-Sun, Noga-Venus, Kohev-Mercury, Levana-Moon] saying: One who is born in the planetary hour of Venus will be well-to-do and licentious, etc., one born in the planetary hour of Mercury will be bright and wise, etc. (Tractate Shabbat, 156a).
Ein Yaakov (Glick Edition)
R. Simon b. Pazi in the name of R. Joshua b. Levi who spoke in the name of b. Kappara, said: "Concerning him who understands the science of astronomy and does not practice it, the passage says (Is. 5, 12.) But the deeds of the Lord, they regard not, and the work of His hands they behold not." R. Samuel b. Nachmeini in the name of R. Jonathan said: "Whence do we learn that a man is commanded to study the science of astronomy? It says (Deu. 4, 6.) Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding before the eyes of the nations. What kind of wisdom and understanding is recognized in the eyes of the nations? It is the wisdom of astronomy."