Тегилим 45:13 Мидраш: Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, Shemot Rabbah & Bereshit Rabbah

Rabbi Simeon said: Abraham spake to Isaac his son (saying), This servant is suspected of all the transgressions of the Torah, and deceit is in this servant, as it is said, "He is a Canaanite, the balances of deceit are in his hand; he loveth to defraud" (Hos. 12:7). See, lest he has defiled her, therefore bring the girl into the tent and examine her tactually; || and if she be undefiled, behold, she is destined for thee from her mother's womb. He brought her into the tent and examined her tactually, and he showed the result to Abraham his father, and afterwards he took her to be his wife, as it is said, "And Isaac brought her into the tent of Sarah his mother… And Isaac was comforted after his mother's death" (Gen. 24:67); for the deeds of Rebecca were like unto those of Sarah. Hence the Israelites have the custom of producing the tokens of the damsel's virginity, as it is said, "Then shall the father of the damsel, and her mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the damsel's virginity" (Deut. 22:15).

Another matter, “Moses implored [vayḥal],” Rabbi Yehuda, Rabbi Neḥemya, and the Rabbis, Rabbi Yehuda says: Moses became ill [ḥala] when they performed that act. Rabbi Neḥemya says: What is “Moses implored”? It is that he gave God a gift of sorts.⁹Moses’ prayer was like a gift that he gave God in order to assuage His fury (see Etz Yosef). This expression is nothing other than an expression that means gift, just as it says: “The daughter of Tyre will come seeking your favor [yeḥalu] with gifts…” (Psalms 45:13). Likewise, “Now, please implore [ḥalu] God…” (Malachi 1:9). The Rabbis say: What is “Moses implored”? He transformed the bitter into sweet, and vayḥal is an expression of sweetening [ḥilui]. How so? Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Ḥiya bar Ada of Yafo, in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman: When Israel came to Mara, what is written there? “They came to Mara [and could not drink water from Mara, as it was bitter]” (Exodus 15:23). Moses began ruminating: This water, why was it created? What benefit does the world have from it? It is preferable that it would not have been created. The Holy One blessed be He knew what he was ruminating. The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘Do not say so. Is it not My handiwork? Is there any item in the world that was not created with a purpose? Rather, I will teach you what you should say. Say this: Transform the bitter into sweet.’
From where is it derived that the Holy One blessed be He taught him to say this? See what is written: “He cried out to the Lord, and the Lord showed him [vayorehu] a tree” (Exodus 15:25). “He showed him [vayarehu]” is not written here, but rather, vayorehu; vayorehu is nothing other than an expression of instruction, as it is stated: “He instructed me [vayoreni] and said to me” (Proverbs 4:4), and it is written: “He gave him the ability to instruct [ulhorot]” (Exodus 35:34). The matter was a tradition known to Moses, but he had not employed it. Why did he ultimately employ it? When Israel came to the wilderness and God sought to annihilate them, Moses said to Him: ‘Master of the universe, do You seek to eliminate Israel and annihilate them from the world? Did You not say to me in Mara: Pray and say: Transform the bitter into sweet? Now, too, sweeten [ḥali] the bitterness of Israel and heal them.’ That is, “Moses implored [vayḥal].” Rabbi Avin said in the name of Rabbi Levi bar Perata: In the days of Moses, there was someone to sweeten our bitterness; that is, “Moses implored [vayḥal].” However, in the days of Daniel, there was no one to sweeten the bitterness, as it is stated: “We did not implore [ḥilinu] the Lord our God” (Daniel 9:13).

“Malkitzedek king of Salem took out bread and wine, and he was a priest of God, the Most High” (Genesis 14:18).
“Malkitzedek king of Salem…” – that is what is written: “Daughter of Tzor, the wealthiest of the people will seek your favor with gifts” (Psalms 45:13).²⁵The “daughter of Tzor” refers to Abraham, who distressed (hetzer) the four kings, and who was distressed by them. “The wealthiest of the people,” referring to Malkitzedek king of Salem, “will seek your favor with gifts,” as he did in this verse (Yalkut Shimoni).
“Malkitzedek king of Salem” – this place²⁶Salem is short for Jerusalem (see Psalms 76:3). renders its inhabitants righteous, [and this is why he was called] Malkitzedek,²⁷Malkitzedek means king of righteousness [tzedek]. [and we find as well] “Adoni Tzedek [king of Jerusalem]” (Joshua 10:1).²⁸Adoni Tzedek means “lord of righteousness.” Jerusalem itself is called righteousness [tzedek], as it is stated: “Justice [tzedek] abided in it” (Isaiah 1:21).²⁹See also Isaiah 1:26.
“King of Salem [Shalem]” – Rabbi Yitzḥak the Babylonian says: He was born circumcised.³⁰Melekh shalem, translated earlier “king of Salem,” can also mean “the perfect king,” meaning that he was born in a perfected state, having had no need for circumcision.
“[He] took out bread and wine, and he was a priest of God, the Most High” – Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman and the Rabbis, Rabbi Shmuel said: He revealed to him the laws of the High Priesthood.³¹Malkitzedek brought bread and wine in order to show Abraham the priestly rites involving these items. “Bread” – this alludes to the showbread;³²Described in Leviticus 24:5–9. “and wine” – this alludes to the libations. The Rabbis say: He revealed Torah [precepts] to him, as it is stated: “Come, partake of my bread, and drink of the wine that I have mixed” (Proverbs 9:5).³³The speaker in this verse is divine wisdom, the Torah. It refers to its teachings metaphorically as bread and wine.
“And he was a priest of God, the Most High” – Rabbi Abba bar Kahana and Rabbi Levi, Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Any time wine is written in the Torah it connotes a [negative] impact,³⁴As when Noah (Genesis 9:21) and Lot (Genesis 19:32–35) became drunk, both instances leading to humiliating consequences. except for this one. Rabbi Levi said: We cannot except this one either, as it was immediately after this that He decreed upon him: “They³⁵Abraham’s descendants. will be enslaved to them and they will oppress them” (Genesis 15:13).