Шмот 22:2 Мидраш: Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael, Midrash Lekach Tov, Sifrei Bamidbar & Bereshit Rabbah

R. Eliezer says: This (inclusion) is not needed. If a Jew serves, how much more so a proselyte! — But perhaps (I would say) If a Jew serves six years, a proselyte should serve twelve years. Would you say this? "It suffices that the object of an a fortiori argument, (in this instance, a proselyte,) be like the subject" (a Jew), viz. Just as a Jew serves six (years), so, a proselyte. Because it is written (Exodus 22:2) "If he lacks it, he is to be sold for his theft," I might think (that he is sold) forever; it is, therefore, written "six years shall he serve," Scripture hereby apprising us that he serves for six years and goes free on the seventh.

"And the Lord said to Moses, 'Take all the leaders of the people and hang them before the Lord, facing the sun, that the fierce anger of the Lord may turn away from Israel.'" If the people sinned, what was the sin of the leaders? Rather, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to them, "Appoint many courts for them, so that the anger of the Lord will subside, and hang them before the Lord." How do we know that hanging is meant? As it is stated, "And hang them before the Lord in the valley of the shadow of death." Opposite the sun. From here we learn that judgments regarding capital offenses are not held at night. Opposite the sun, based on witnesses. Similarly, it is stated, "If the sun has risen upon him, he shall be guilty." Another interpretation: Opposite the sun, so that the sun does not shine upon them. And similarly, it says, "His carcass shall not remain overnight upon the tree." Another interpretation: Opposite the sun, so that every cloud departs from it, and the sun shines upon it.

This is one of three things in the Torah which R. Yishmael expounded metaphorically. Similarly, (Exodus 22:2) "If the sun shone upon him." Now is it upon him alone that the sun shines? Does it not shine upon the whole world? But, (the intent is) just as the sun is peace for the world, so, this one, if it were known about him that he (the one breaking into his house) were at peace with him (i.e., would not kill him, as in the instance of a father breaking in to steal from his son), and he (the son) killed him, he is liable.