Комментарий о цитате к Вайикра 19:15

ודל לא תהדר, as spelled out in greater detail in Leviticus 19,15 לא תשא פני דל ולא תהדר פני גדול, “do not favour the poor nor show deference to the rich.” The unvarying motto is בצדק תשפוט עמיתך, “judge your kinsman fairly.”

And say, “He is poor. I will find in his favor and show him regard.” Rashi had to explain that the regard shown the poor man is [not actually treating him with honor but] judging in his favor, because the natural tendency of a judge is to treat only a rich man with honor — as it says, “You shall not show regard to a prominent man” (Vayikra 19:15). Therefore, Rashi explains that the regard shown here [to the poor man] is by judging him favorably, and through this he will be looked upon with regard. For otherwise he would have to pay, and since he cannot, he will be disgraced.

IS IT NOT THUS, IF THOU MENDEST ‘SE’EITH’. In the opinion of the commentators,⁴²⁵Reference is here to R’dak. So also in Onkelos. this means there is a “lifting” or forgiveness of your sin. And in the opinion of Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra it means a “lifting” of your face in contrast to [the question G-d asked of Cain]: Why is thy face fallen?⁴²⁶Verse 6. For he who is ashamed presses his face downward. Similarly, it is said, And the light of my countenance they cast not down,⁴²⁷Job 29:24. whereas one who honors him is as if he raises his face upward. This is the sense of the verses: Perhaps he will lift my face;⁴²⁸Genesis 32:21. Meaning, perhaps he will accept me. Do not lift the face of the poor.⁴²⁹Leviticus 19:15. Meaning, do not respect the person of the poor in judgment, but judge in righteousness.
In my opinion the verse means: “If you will mend your ways you will have your rightful superiority in se’eith (dignity) over your brother since you are the firstborn.” And this is the meaning of [G-d’s question to him]: Why art thou wroth?⁴²⁶Verse 6. For by virtue of his feeling ashamed before his brother, his face fell, and because of his jealousy of him he killed him, and now the Eternal told him: Why art thou wroth regarding your brother, and why is thy face fallen on account of him? Is it not thus! If thou mendest, you will have superiority in dignity over your brother, and if thou dost not mend, evil will come upon you not only because of him [your brother], for at the door of your house your sin lurks causing you to stumble in all your endeavors.

for with the Lord your God there is neither injustice, favoritism, nor bribe-taking and He is with you in judgment; therefore, He does not wish you to commit injustice in judgment.