Комментарий о цитате к Мелахим А 8:39

השקיפה ממעון קדשך, “Please look down from the holy site where You reside.” The farmer concludes as if to say: “we have done what we have to do, now do what You have promised, please” (Maaser Sheni 5,13).
וברך את עמך, “and bestow blessing on Your people,” sons and daughters;
ואת האדמה אשר נתתה לנו, “and the earth which You have given to us;” in the form of beneficial rain expressing Your goodwill.
כאשר נשבעת לאבותינו ארץ זבת חלב ודבש, “as You have sworn to our forefathers, a land flowing with milk and honey.” Your promise was that the rain would make the produce of the land tasty. (Maaser Sheni 11,16). Elsewhere, according to Rashi, this verse is understood to mean: “seeing that we have done what is obligatory for us, You ought to do what is obligatory for You.” The reason the Torah uses the expression מעון קדשך, instead of the word מכון, as Solomon used in his prayer at the inauguration of the Temple (Kings I 8,39), is that the farmer acknowledges that he has rejoiced in fulfilling G’d’s commandments and the heaven known as מעון is traditionally perceived to be the area in which joy resides and originates (Chagigah 12). This is why Moses chose to refer to the term מעון when formulating this declaration/prayer. The term השקיפה used here for “looking down,” a word never used elsewhere except in connection with disaster (Jerusalem Talmud Maasser Sheyni 5,5) is to teach how great is the reward for fulfillment of a commandment when it is fulfilled joyfully. It has the power to convert a normally negative virtue into becoming a positive virtue. Rabbi Chanina, son of Papa, is on record as saying: “come and observe the powerful effect of giving alms to the poor. Every time the word השקפה, i.e. וישקף appears in the Torah it is always a preamble to something destructive occurring. Here it is a preamble to blessing being bestowed.”

מטל השמים OF THE DEW OF HEAVEN — Take it in the ordinary sense of the words; but there are Midrashic explanations giving many different meanings

האלהים GOD [GIVE THEE]—What denotes the use here of the Divine Name אלהים which signifies God in His attribute of Justice? May He act in justice! If you are worthy of it may He give it to you, and if not, let Him not give it to you. But to Esau he said, (Genesis 27:39) “The fat places of the earth shall be thy dwelling” —whether you be righteous or wicked He will give you this. From him (Isaac) did Solomon learn when he built the Temple how to compose his prayer (having in mind a similar idea): An Israelite who is a man of faith and acknowledges that God’s judgment is just will not reproach You;—therefore (1 Kings 8:39) “Render unto every man (Israelite; 1 Kings 8:38) according to his ways whose heart thou knowest”. A stranger, however, is lacking in faith; therefore Solomon said, (1 Kings 8:43) “Hear thou in heaven … and do according to all that the stranger calleth to thee for — whether he be worthy or unworthy grant him his request in order that he may not reproach You. This explanation of האלהים is found in an old and correct text of Rashi.

According to all that the stranger calls out to You. And relating to the Jew it states, “and give to each one according to all his ways,”²⁷Alternatively, when the wheat does not reach its normal color but turns to a pale yellow.—Metzudas Tzion because the Jew recognizes the Holy One Blessed Is He, and he knows that He has the ability in His power [to answer]; and if his prayers are not heard, he will blame the matter on himself and an account of his sins. But the non-Jew complains and says, “a house [i.e., Beis Hamikdosh], whose fame reaches to the ends of the world, I have exhausted myself on many roads, and have come and prayed in it and found no substance in it, just as there is no substance in idol worship.” Therefore, “according to all that the stranger calls out to You,”²⁸Above v. 39. but a Jew, if You see that he uses his wealth to destroy his friend, do not give him.²⁹Alternatively, give a non-Jew anything he asks for, as incentive that he turn to God with his prayers, and to publicize God’s Presence in the Beis Hamikdosh.—Ralbag