וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וִיהוּדָ֔ה אֹהֵ֖ב אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד כִּֽי־ה֛וּא יוֹצֵ֥א וָבָ֖א לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ (פ)
Ngunit inibig si David ng buong Israel at Juda, sapagkat siya ang lumalabas at pumapasok sa unahan nila.
Midrash Tanchuma
There is strength that is beneficial to its possessor and strength that is harmful to its possessor. Strength that is beneficial was possessed by David, for it is said: Behold, I have a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, that is skillful in playing and a mighty man of valor (I Sam. 16:18). It is also written: Saul had slain his thousands and David his ten thousands (ibid. 18:7); and: All Israel and Judah loved David (ibid., v. 6). The strength of Goliath was harmful to its possessor, for he profaned and blasphemed against God. Goliath called: Choose a man for you (ibid. 17:8), but in the end, When the Philistines saw that their mighty man was dead, they fled (ibid., v. 51). He had been slain with a (single) stone hurled from a sling.
Shemot Rabbah
Another matter, “if you lend money to My people,” that is what is written: “There is a grave evil that I have seen under the sun: Wealth kept for its owner to his detriment. That wealth is lost in an ill-fated matter” (Ecclesiastes 5:12–13). Happy is the person who withstands his ordeal, as there is no person whom the Holy One blessed be He does not subject to an ordeal. He tests the wealthy as to whether he will be generous to the poor. He tests the poor as to whether he is able to withstand suffering without becoming angry, as it is stated: “And bring the wretched [merudim] poor to your home” (Isaiah 58:7).3The word merudim implies one who is lowly [yarud] in the sense of being contrite and humble (Matnot Kehuna). If the wealthy person withstands his ordeal and performs acts of charity, he will benefit from his wealth in this world, the principal remains intact for him in the World to Come, and the Holy One blessed be He rescues him from the sentence of Gehenna, as it is stated: “Happy is one who attends to the indigent; the Lord will deliver him in times of trouble” (Psalms 41:2). If the poor person withstands his ordeal and does not rebel, he will receive a double portion in the future, as it is stated: “The Lord added to Job double of everything that he had” (Job 42:10). But the wealthy man who is miserly, he and his wealth depart from this world, as it is stated: “That wealth is lost in an ill-fated matter” (Ecclesiastes 5:13), because he is miserly vis-à-vis the charity collectors. Why? Because there is a rotating wheel in the world; it is not the case that one who is wealthy today is wealthy tomorrow, and one who is poor today is poor tomorrow. Rather, He humbles this one and He elevates that one, as it is stated: “But it is God who is the Judge; He humbles this one and elevates that one” (Psalms 75:8).
Come and see: There is wealth that causes harm to its owner, and there is wealth that brings benefit to its owner. [Wealth that] causes harm to its owner, this is the wealth of Koraḥ, who was wealthier than all Israel, and it is written: “They, and everything that was theirs, descended alive into the abyss” (Numbers 16:33). Alternatively, it is the wealth of Haman the wicked, as it is stated: “Haman related to them the honor of his wealth,” (Esther 5:11), and it is written: “They hanged him and his sons on the gallows” (Esther 9:25). [Wealth] that brings benefit to its owner, this is the wealth of Yehoshafat, as it is stated: “Yehoshafat had abundant wealth and honor” (II Chronicles 18:1). What happened to him? “Yehoshafat cried out and the Lord aided him” (II Chronicles 18:31).
There is valor that benefits its possessor, and there is [valor] that is harmful for its possessor. [Valor that] benefits its possessor, this is David, as it is written: “Saul smote his thousands, and David his tens of thousands” (I Samuel 18:7). As a result, all of Israel loved him, as it is stated: “All of Israel and Judah loved David” (I Samuel 18:16). [Valor that is] harmful for its possessor, this is the valor of Goliath, who would stand and blaspheme. What happened to him? He died like a dog, as it is stated: “The Philistines saw that their hero had died, and they fled” (I Samuel 17:51).
There is wisdom that benefits its possessor, and there is [wisdom] that is harmful for its possessor. [Wisdom that] benefits its possessor, this is Joshua, as it is stated: “Joshua, son of Nun was filled with the spirit of wisdom” (Deuteronomy 34:9). To what was he comparable? To a pool that provides water for an entire city, and everyone praises it. One said to the others: ‘Praise the spring that feeds it.’ So too, they would praise Joshua, who would give all of Israel to drink from his wisdom. He said to them: ‘Praise Moses who produced this,’ as it is stated: “As Moses had placed his hands upon him” (Deuteronomy 34:9). [Wisdom that is] harmful for its possessor, this is Bilam, as it is stated: “The utterance of one who heard the sayings of God” (Numbers 24:16). What happened to him: “Bilam ben Beor, they killed by sword” (Numbers 31:8). That is why it is stated: “Wealth kept for its owner to his detriment.”
Come and see: There is wealth that causes harm to its owner, and there is wealth that brings benefit to its owner. [Wealth that] causes harm to its owner, this is the wealth of Koraḥ, who was wealthier than all Israel, and it is written: “They, and everything that was theirs, descended alive into the abyss” (Numbers 16:33). Alternatively, it is the wealth of Haman the wicked, as it is stated: “Haman related to them the honor of his wealth,” (Esther 5:11), and it is written: “They hanged him and his sons on the gallows” (Esther 9:25). [Wealth] that brings benefit to its owner, this is the wealth of Yehoshafat, as it is stated: “Yehoshafat had abundant wealth and honor” (II Chronicles 18:1). What happened to him? “Yehoshafat cried out and the Lord aided him” (II Chronicles 18:31).
There is valor that benefits its possessor, and there is [valor] that is harmful for its possessor. [Valor that] benefits its possessor, this is David, as it is written: “Saul smote his thousands, and David his tens of thousands” (I Samuel 18:7). As a result, all of Israel loved him, as it is stated: “All of Israel and Judah loved David” (I Samuel 18:16). [Valor that is] harmful for its possessor, this is the valor of Goliath, who would stand and blaspheme. What happened to him? He died like a dog, as it is stated: “The Philistines saw that their hero had died, and they fled” (I Samuel 17:51).
There is wisdom that benefits its possessor, and there is [wisdom] that is harmful for its possessor. [Wisdom that] benefits its possessor, this is Joshua, as it is stated: “Joshua, son of Nun was filled with the spirit of wisdom” (Deuteronomy 34:9). To what was he comparable? To a pool that provides water for an entire city, and everyone praises it. One said to the others: ‘Praise the spring that feeds it.’ So too, they would praise Joshua, who would give all of Israel to drink from his wisdom. He said to them: ‘Praise Moses who produced this,’ as it is stated: “As Moses had placed his hands upon him” (Deuteronomy 34:9). [Wisdom that is] harmful for its possessor, this is Bilam, as it is stated: “The utterance of one who heard the sayings of God” (Numbers 24:16). What happened to him: “Bilam ben Beor, they killed by sword” (Numbers 31:8). That is why it is stated: “Wealth kept for its owner to his detriment.”
Midrash Tehillim
Another thing - praiseworthy is the intelligent person. Rabbi Yonah said: praiseworthy is the person who is intelligent about his own pleasures. For example, if a wealthy person becomes poor, the intelligent person goes to him and says: "I heard that so-and-so owes you an inheritance, and you owe me money, so when you receive your inheritance, pay me back." This is the mark of an intelligent person. On a day of trouble, the Lord will save him. There is no day of trouble except for the day of death, the day when the soul departs. The Lord said: "What will I do for you on the day of trouble? I will save you." As it is written: "On a day of trouble, the Lord will save him." Another thing - which day is referred to as the day burning like an oven in Malachi 3:19? What is written afterwards in Malachi 3:20? "And for you who fear My Name, a sun of righteousness will shine." What is this sun of righteousness? It is the righteousness that you have done, which will stand for you on that day. It also says in Isaiah 58:10: "And if you offer your soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul, then shall your light rise in darkness." What is meant by "satisfy the afflicted soul"? Even if you feed this soul with all the delicacies of the world, after an hour it will want to leave and move on. What is meant by "your light will rise in darkness"? And if one falls ill, may God sustain us, as it is said "May God sustain us on a bed of illness" (Psalms 41:4). But is there such a thing as a bed of illness? When a person falls ill on Sunday, what does he do? He needs to pray. The same goes for Monday and Tuesday. On Wednesday, we say "What did He do?" - this refers to confession (vidui). At that moment, the Holy One, blessed be He, says, "I will make confession before Me like a man who is ill; I will sustain and establish him now." This is why we say "May God sustain us on a bed of illness." And what does it mean that "you turn all his beds in his illness" (Psalms 41:4)? Everything he sinned throughout his life while he was on his feet, God turns into illness for him. This is why it is written, "you turn all his beds." David said, "That is not the case with me; I said, 'Lord, be gracious to me; my foes speak evil of me'" (Psalms 41:6). But did David have enemies? The verse says, "All Israel and Judah loved David" (Samuel I 18:16), and it is said, "David did what was just and right for all his people" (Samuel II 8:15). Rather, who were his enemies? Those who wanted to oppress and exploit others, and he would not allow them to do so. They were his enemies.