ציטירנדיקער פּירוש אויף תהילים 78:49

אֵלּוּ עֶשֶׂר מַכּוֹת These ten plagues, are avot, primary categories,¹⁴³Literally it is Avot, “Fathers' ' as opposed to the Toledot, literally, “Offspring. These terms are used in relation to the primary prohibitions on Shabbat as opposed to the secondary acts which are similar to them but also different. for all the other plagues which the Holy One brought upon the Egyptians in Egypt. There are toledot, or derivatives, as Rabbis Eliezer and Akiva show.¹⁴⁴Avot and Toledot - literally Fathers and Offspring. These words are used in a variety of settings to define primary acts and their derivatives, such as the 39 Avot Melachot which are forbidden on the Sabbath, each one having toledot, derivative acts that are similar to but not the same as the primary forbidden acts. One says there are three derivatives for one and the other says there are four derivatives for each primary plague.¹⁴⁵“He inflicted (5) His burning anger upon them, (1) wrath, (2) indignation, (3) trouble, (4) a band of deadly messengers. (Ps 78:49) This is the order in which Rabbi Foa presents them. What they have in common is both rabbis believe there are derivatives for primary plagues. Rabbi Eliezer does not include apo, “His anger,” among the derivatives for individual plagues. Possibly he thought that the attribute of “anger” was included in all of the plagues that afflicted the Egyptians; that is, that God, the blessed one, used it to punish them according to the literal meaning of Scripture. “He inflicted His burning anger upon them.” (Ps. 78:49) Rabbi Akiva thought that just as “a band of deadly messengers.” (Ps. Ibid) refers to an individual plague which God brought about, so too was there a destroying angel, whose name was af, “Anger”one that he brought about. Thus, according to this, Rabbi Akiva believed that there were five categories of destroying angels, each one different from the other, while Rabbi Eliezer thought there was one angel who brought about four plagues. We will now explicate them.¹⁴⁶Thus, according to Rabbi Eliezer there are five derivatives: “God inflicted (1) His burning anger upon them, (2) wrath, (3) indignation, (4)trouble a band of deadly messengers.” - “Burning anger” and “trouble a band of deadly messengers are each. Are each a subcategory unto themselves. For Rabbi Akiva there are five derivatives: “He inflicted (1) His burning (2) anger upon them, (3)wrath, (4) indignation, (5) trouble, a band of deadly messengers.

צְפַרְדֵּעַ Tzfardia, “Frogs” This is the second plague.
1. אַפּ֗ו “His Anger” (Ps. 78:49) - As a result of God’s anger, they had no place for the people to stand, as it states, "But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief.” (Ex. 8:11) If Moses had not prayed for the frogs to die, they would have no space. They were exceedingly cramped (by the frogs) so when (Moses prayed) and Pharaoh saw that there was room, he initially softened and decided to obey God’s command.

את אשר עשה ה' לפרעה ולמצרים על אודות ישראל. A reference to G’d performing vengeance as the avenger of His people. Compare Deuteronomy 32,41 for similar syntax used by Moses. when he quotes G’d as saying אשיב נקם לצרי, “vengeance will I wreak on My foes.” This referred to the Egyptians experiencing G’d’s retribution on their own bodies when they drowned in the sea. In Psalms 78,49 the psalmist describes 4, resp. 5 stages of G’d’s anger which the Egyptians had to experience before they died. Tthat verse is the subject of detailed analysis in the Haggadah shel Pessach. These events proved that G’d had chosen the Jewish people as His most treasured possession among the nations.