תּלמוד אויף במדבר 28:24

HALAKHAH: From where years¹⁵⁸That the Pentateuch counts years from the Fall equinox.? One verse says¹⁵⁹Ex. 23:16., the festival of gathering at the end of the year, and another verse says¹⁶⁰Ex. 34.22., the festival of gathering at the turn of the year. Which month contains a festival, and a turning point, and the year starts from it? Which one is this? It is Tishre. If you would say Ṭevet, there is a turning point¹⁶¹The winter solstice. but neither festival nor gathering. If you would say Nisan, there is a turning point¹⁶²The spring equinox. and a festival, but no gathering. If you would say Tamuz, there is a turning¹⁶³The summer solstice. point and gathering but no festival. So which one is this? It is Tishre. The colleagues said before Rebbi Jonah: should it not be Tamuz? He told them, it is written, in the seventh month¹⁶⁴Num. 28:24., and your are saying so? They said to him, should it not be Tamuz¹⁶⁵Maybe the month of the fall equinox should be called “Tamuz”.? He said to them, from here on you are quarrelling with me about names of months? As Rebbi Ḥanina said, the names of the months ascended with them from Babylonia. Originally, in the month of Ethanim¹⁶⁶1K. 8:2., in which the Patriarchs were born, and the Patriarchs died, and the Mothers were remembered¹⁶⁷One cannot say that Sarah and Rebecca became pregnant in Tishre, this would contradict the statement that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were born in Tishre. So one has to say that in that month the Divine decree was passed that the mothers should become pregnant. The language is taken from Gen. 21:1. Babli Berakhot29a.. Originally, in the month of Bul¹⁶⁸1K. 6:37., where the leaves are falling, and the earth is made into lumps; where one mixes for domestic animals in the house¹⁶⁹Because in November there is little food to be found in the fields.. Originally, in the month of Ziw¹⁷⁰1K. 6:2, misquoted., which is the splendor of the world, when plants are recognized and trees recognized¹⁷¹In Nisan the growth on newly sown fields is recognizable and fruit trees are blossoming.. From then onwards¹⁷²After the Babylonian exile., it was in the month of Nisan of year twenty¹⁷³Neh. 2:1.; it was in the month of Kislew of year twenty¹⁷⁴Neh. 1:1.; in the tenth month, this is the month of Ṭevet¹⁷⁵Esth.2:16.. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, also the names of angels were in their hands from Babylonia. Originally, there flew to me one of the Seraphim¹⁷⁶Is. 6:6.; Seraphim standing over Him¹⁷⁷Is. 6:2.. From then on, but the man Gabriel¹⁷⁸Dan. 9:21.; but your lord Michael¹⁷⁹Dan. 10:21..

The colleagues asked before Rebbi Jonah: Since you are saying there, and you shall offer a gift to the Eternal seven days¹⁵³Lev. 23:8., there are no seven without a Sabbath¹⁵⁴In the detailed list of the holiday sacrifices, Num. 28–29, it is written in v. 28:24 that on the Holiday of unleavened bread there have to be sacrifices for seven days. Therefore the mention of the seven days of sacrifices in Lev. 23:8, in the holiday list whose emphasis is not on the sacrifices, can be read as emphasizing that these sacrifices have to be offered also on the Sabbath, the Sabbath prohibition being not applicable in this regard., why not similarly and you shall enjoy before the Eternal, your God, for seven days, there are no seven without a Sabbath¹⁵⁵By the argument of the preceding note, it should follow that the Sabbath prohibitions are nonexistent for taking the lulav on a Sabbath which is the first day of the holiday, since it was established in the preceding paragraph that the second part of Lev. 23:40 also refers to lulav.? He answered them, there is a difference, for it is written You shall take for yourselves on the First Day, He separated the first from them¹⁵⁶Since there is no direct evidence that the second part of Lev. 23:40 must refer to lulav.. Then it should push aside in the Temple, it should not push aside in the country¹⁵⁷Since both Lev.23:8 and Num. 28:24 refer to the Temple service, the argument should be transferable to Lev. 23:40.. Rebbi Jonah said, if it had said, “you shall take before the Eternal, your God,” I would have said, here he excluded and at another place included¹⁵⁸It would be reasonable to restrict the rules of lulav to the Temple.. But you shall take for yourselves everywhere, and you shall enjoy before the Eternal, your God, for seven days, in Jerusalem¹⁵⁹Since the first part of 23:40 is addressed to everybody everywhere, it excludes differentiating between Temple and outside for the rules of the first day. Since the rules “before the Eternal” refer either to the Temple, as in matters of sacrifices, or to the place of the Temple, as in the rules of Second Tithe (Deut. 14:26); by the previous argument this cannot apply to lifting the Sabbath rules on the first day, and, therefore, not to any other day..

All days of the Chag [Sukkot] are separate in their sacrifices; [those] of Pesach are not separate in their sacrfices