利未記 19:3 註釋：Ba'alei Brit Avram, Rashi, Ibn Ezra & Rashbam

You shall each fear your mother and your father, etc.: He first commanded about the fear of father and mother, because one who honors his father and mother, and is afraid of them, recognizes those who gave him birth and who created him. And likewise is it incumbent upon his father and mother to also do to their forebears, and likewise those to those up until the supernal Elder who created everything. And so, from the fear of one's father and mother, he will recognize the existence of the Creator, may He be blessed, and His awe. This is along the lines of that which [the Sages] said (Kiddushin 30b), "I count it for you as if I lived among them and you honored Me." And from the Shabbat as well, we know and we believe in the origin of the world and that it has an Originator who originated it during the six days of creation. So, "I am the Lord your God," will then be fulfilled. And afterwards He warned about combination [of God with other forces], like His saying (Leviticus 19:4), "Do not turn to the idols," and distance yourself from that which is ugly and that which is similar to it, from combination and that which is similar to it. And because of this, he warned about the thinking of pigul, which is when he slaughters a sacrifice today in order to eat from it tomorrow, outside of its [allotted] time. For it is necessary to not mix and combine any other thought with it. And this is the meaning of (Leviticus 19:5), "you shall slaughter it to be acceptable for you."

איש אמו ואביו תראו means, EVERYONE OF YOU SHALL FEAR HIS MOTHER AND HIS FATHER; this is the literal sense. The Halachic explanation of the verse, however, is as follows: Since Scripture says איש I have here only the law that a man must fear his father and his mother, whence do I know that this applies also to a woman? Because Scripture states תיראו (in the plural), it is evident therefore that it speaks here of two (man and woman). But if this be so (that Scripture means to include a woman also) why does it use the term איש, a man? Because it is the man who has the means to do it, whilst the woman is under the control of others (what she does is dependent upon her husband’s consent)(Sifra, Kedoshim, Section 1 3; Kiddushin 30b).

I have already told you in the parasha of Mishpaṭim [comment on Exodus 21:2] that every commandment is self-contained, but that nevertheless, there are associations among the commandments that account for their juxtaposition in the verses. The parasha of Qedoshim begins with the commandment, each of you will revere [plural] his mother and father . Scripture has already said [Exodus 20:12] that whoever honors his parents will enjoy long life; consequently, whoever dishonors his parents shortens his life, and Scripture accordingly tells us to fear our parents as well as to honor them. The verse mentions the mother before mentioning the father, because a child at first recognizes only his mother. Later, he recognizes his father. Afterwards he recognizes the Sabbath (it is incumbent upon a child to observe the Sabbath, unlike the remaining festivals). Eventually he will come to recognize his God, Who rested on the seventh day. The next logical obligation is “Do not turn to the idols” [:4]. We know from tradition what constitutes “reverence” of one’s parents. Scripture employs brevity by using only one instance of the word ’ish to signify Each of you [Hebrew: ’ish ’ish]. The plural form of the verb revere informs us that anyone who sees the law being broken must teach and compel the lawbreaker to change. The same principle applies to keeping the Sabbath, since the plural form you shall observe is used.