民數記 10:10 註釋：Rashi, Chizkuni, Kli Yakar & Siftei Chakhamim

על עלתיכם [YE SHALL BLOW WITH THE TRUMPETS] OVER YOUR BURNT OFFERINGS — Scripture is speaking of a communal burnt offering (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 77; Arakhin 11b).

ותקעתם בחצוצרות, “you will blow the tekiyah blasts with the trumpets, etc.” (the Torah speaks of joyous occasions) in order that the people will realise that the offerings on their behalf are at that moment being presented and they can tune in spiritually to the meanings of these sacrifices.

And in the day of your gladness, and in your solemn days… From these verses, our Sages learned that we recite Malkhuyot [Kingship], Zikhronot [Remembrances], and Shofarot [Shofar Blasts] on Rosh Hashanah, as is found in the Yalkut in this parashah (10:725). We need to understand why they saw fit to interpret these verses as referring to Rosh Hashanah. It seems that they derived this from what is said, And when you go to war in your land against the adversary who oppresses you (Numbers 10:9). This was customary in Israel in former times that in every time of distress, they would decree a fast and would blow and sound the shofar and recite Malkhuyot, Zikhronot, and Shofarot, as is found in the Tur, Orach Chaim section 579. Perhaps their evidence is from these verses where it says, And when you go to war (Numbers 10:9). And from this we can infer that on every day when there is shofar blowing, they follow this order, and Rosh Hashanah is included. And from the fact that it says war in your land with the letter bet [preposition “in”], we can derive that it speaks of an oppressor who is within the land, and this is appropriate for Rosh Hashanah, when we blow the shofar to confuse Satan, the internal oppressor who is within the land, as opposed to a typical oppressor who is outside the land. Furthermore, what difference does it make whether the oppressor is external or internal? According to this, the order of Rosh Hashanah is beautifully alluded to in these verses.

אני ה׳ אלהיכם I AM THE LORD YOUR GOD — From here we derive the regulation that on the New Year Festival Biblical verses referring to God’s Kingdom (מלכיות) must be recited together with such as have reference to the blowing of the Shofar (שופרות), and to Divine remembrance (זכרונות), because it states here “ותקעתם” — which is an allusion to לזכרון" ;שופרות" — which is an allusion to זכרונות; and אני ה׳ אלהיכם — which is an allusion to מלכיות etc. (Sifrei Bamidbar 77; cf. Rashi on Leviticus 23:24 and Note thereon).