民數記 12:1 註釋：Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Rashbam & Or HaChaim

ותדבר AND [MIRIAM AND AARON] SPAKE — The term דבר in every passage where it is used implies harsh language, for so it states, (Genesis 42:30) “The man, the lord of the land spake (דבר) roughly to us”. The term אמר, however, is always an expression denoting supplication, for so it states, (Genesis 19:7) “And he said (ויאמר) ‘I beg of you (נא), my brethren, do not so wickedly” ; (verse 6 of this chapter) “And He said (ויאמר), Hear, I pray you (נא), My words’ — for the word נא always expresses supplication (Sifrei Bamidbar 99).

"And Miriam spoke": She was [the actual] speaker while Aaron agreed or was silent; therefore he was punished [as well].

הכושית, from one of the tribes going back to Cham.