申命記 11:4 註釋：Ibn Ezra, Ramban, Sforno & Chizkuni

made flow [Hebrew: heṣif] from “water flowed [Hebrew: ṣafu] over my head” [Lamentations 3: 54].

HOW HE MADE THE WATER OF THE RED SEA TO OVERFLOW THEM THAT PURSUED AFTER YOU, AND HOW THE ETERNAL HATH DESTROYED THEM UNTO THIS DAY. I have not understood the meaning of the phrase, unto this day, for all who die in the sea are destroyed forever [thus the expression unto this day would appear redundant]! Possibly it refers back to the expression unto their horses, and to their chariots, that for the entire generation [following the exodus] horses and chariots remained [irretrievably] lost, since Pharaoh had taken along with him all the horses, chariots, and horsemen that were in Egypt and they were all destroyed, and henceforth it was a lowly kingdom²⁹⁴Ezekiel 17:14. without the chariot and horse, the army and the power.²⁹⁵Isaiah 43:17. And Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra commented that [the expression unto this day] denotes that their children afterwards never rose in their stead to resemble them. Rabbi Abraham’s intent is to state that G-d [not only] destroyed the pursuers in the sea, [but] in Egypt [proper] He destroyed the seed [of the pursuers], not leaving them a name and remnant,²⁹⁶Ibid., 14:22. since they were the most wicked of all the Egyptians to pursue after the redeemed of the Eternal.²⁹⁷Ibid., 62:12. But this is not mentioned in the Torah!

ויאבדם ה' עד היום הזה, for then the choicest captains of the Egyptian cavalry were drowned with their armies in such a decisive manner that even now, forty years later, they have not recovered from this defeat. Until this day these military leaders of Egypt have not been replaced.