וְלֹֽא־עֲצָב֨וֹ אָבִ֤יו מִיָּמָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַדּ֖וּעַ כָּ֣כָה עָשִׂ֑יתָ וְגַם־ה֤וּא טֽוֹב־תֹּ֙אַר֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְאֹת֥וֹ יָלְדָ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
Sein Vater kränkte ihn im Leben nicht, dass er gesprochen hätte: Warum tust du solches? Er war auch sehr schön von Gestalt. Er war als Zweiter geboren nach Awschalom.
Rashi
Had never angered him. He did not anger him.11Throughout his life, Dovid had never gotten angry at Adoniyahu or punished him when he did something bad. Adoniyahu therefore incorrectly assumed that his father would not reprimand him for proclaiming himself king. This [episode] teaches you that he who refrains from rebuking his child causes his death.12See Mishlei 13:24.
Ralbag
And his father had not grieved him all his life in saying: "Why hast thou done so?": For this reason, Adonijah thought that David's intention was to make him king after him, since he had never admonished him for any of his actions. And moreover he was very handsome, and on account of his beauty he thought himself fitting to rule.
Rashi
And he was also very handsome. [He was as handsome] as Avsholom,13“He too,” infers that there was another individual who was also very handsome. about whom it is written, “And as Avsholom there was no one as handsome.”14II Shmuel 14:25. This caused them to be proud.
Rashi
After Avsholom. I.e., his mother reared him in the same spoiled manner that Avsholom’s mother reared him.15Rashi does not translate “after Avsholom” because it implies that she bore both Adoniyahu and Avsholom, which is not true, for Avsholom’s mother was Ma’acha, and Adoniyahu’s mother was Chagis.