Kommentar zu Bamidbar 34:17

אשר ינחלו לכם [THESE ARE THE … MEN] WHO SHALL TAKE POSSESSION OF THE LAND לכם — i.e., for you. Each prince was the agent of his tribe and divided the inheritance of the tribe amongst the families and again amongst the men, selecting for each a portion fitting for him. What they did was done (was legal) just as if they (the tribes) had appointed them their representatives (Kiddushin 42b). — It would not be right to explain this לכם as all other לכם (“to you”) which occur in the Bible, for if so it should have written יַנְחִילוּ לכם (Hiphil), “they will give the possession to you”. But יִנְחֲלוּ (Kal), implies that they themselves take possession לכם, “for you” and in your place. It is the same as, (Exodus 14:14): “The Lord will fight לכם” — “for you”.

For your sake. The word ינחלו ["shall inherit"] implies that they would inherit it themselves ["i.e., on their own"], while לכם ["for you"] implies that they would cause you to inherit it. Therefore, Rashi explains, “Who shall inherit for your sake.”

V. 17. אשר ינחלו לכם. Unter Elasars und Josuas Aufsicht und Leitung als Vertreter der Gesamtheit soll jeder Stammesfürst "für seinen Stamm" den demselben zugewiesenen Landesteil "in Besitz nehmen" und dessen entsprechende Verteilung unter die Familien und erbberechtigten Männer vollziehen. Indem diese Männer hier als Vertreter der Stämme, Familien und einzelnen bestellt sind, so stehen sie als Bevollmächtigte aller Erbberechtigten da, und was sie für dieselben vollziehen, ist rechtsgültig und endgültig vollzogen (Raschi). So wird Kiduschin 42a auch hierauf die Vollmacht der gerichtsseitig zur Erbteilung für Waisen bestellten Vormünder und die auch später von den mündig gewordenen Waisen unanfechtbare Rechtsgültigkeit ihrer Abmachungen gegründet: מנין ליתומים שבאו לחלק בנכסי אביהם שבית דין מעמידין להם אפוטרופוס לחוב ולזכות תלמוד לומר נשיא אחד נשיא אחד ממטה תקחו.

He apportioned the tribal inheritance. For if not so, there were minors who were not of the age [to appoint] emissaries; also there were those who preferred [their portions in] the hills or the valleys [in both cases the actions of an emissary would not normally be effective]. Rather, [here] what the guardian did was binding. However, this was for the apportioning of the tribal inheritance to the families, and from the families to the individuals. But the apportioning of the land itself to the tribes was by lot, and thus not dependent upon the actions of the guardian.

He chose [a suitable portion] for each individual. The reason why Rashi does not also mention that the leaders initially apportioned [the land] to the tribes, and only afterwards to the families and the individuals, is because the leaders did not apportion it to the tribes, rather it was apportioned to the tribes by lot.

Shall inherit for you. Rashi wishes to answer the question: If so, why it is written לכם [lit. "To you"]? Rather [it means] for your sake.