כֶּ֣רֶם הָיָ֤ה לִשְׁלֹמֹה֙ בְּבַ֣עַל הָמ֔וֹן נָתַ֥ן אֶת־הַכֶּ֖רֶם לַנֹּטְרִ֑ים אִ֛ישׁ יָבִ֥א בְּפִרְי֖וֹ אֶ֥לֶף כָּֽסֶף׃
Einen Weinberg hatte Schlomoh in Baal Hamon; er gab den Weinberg den Hütern. Jeder sollte bringen für dessen Frucht tausend Silberstücke.
Rashi
Shlomo had a vineyard. This is the congregation of Yisroel, as it is stated, “For the vineyard of Adonoy, Master of Legions, is the house of Yisroel.”16Yeshayahu 5:7.
Ezra ben Solomon
Solomon had a vineyard: To Him who is the possessor of peace, Israel is designated as His vineyard, as it says: “For the vineyard of the Lord of Hosts is the House of Israel” [Isa. 5:7] and “I the Lord keep watch over it” [Isa. 27:3].
Rashi
In the Plain of Hamon. In Yerusholayim, which is populous and has a multitude of people [=הָמוֹן.
Ezra ben Solomon
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Ba’al. An expression denoting a plain, as in, “from the Plain מִבַּעַל of Gad in the Levanon valley.”17Yehoshua 12:7.
Ezra ben Solomon
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He gave over the vineyard to caretakers. He delivered her into the hands of harsh masters, Bavel, Madai, Greece, and Edom. In Midrash Shir Hashirim, I found some support concerning these “caretakers,” that they are these kingdoms.
Ezra ben Solomon
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Each of them brought for its fruit. Whatever they could collect from them, [e.g.,] head taxes, tithes, and illegal foreclosures; they collected everything from them to bring into their homes.18I.e., they kept for themselves whatever monies they collected.