וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עָלָיו֙ חֵמָ֣ה אַפּ֔וֹ וֶעֱז֖וּז מִלְחָמָ֑ה וַתְּלַהֲטֵ֤הוּ מִסָּבִיב֙ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֔ע וַתִּבְעַר־בּ֖וֹ וְלֹא־יָשִׂ֥ים עַל־לֵֽב׃ (פ)
Da schüttelte er die Glut seines Zornes über es aus und des Krieges Gewalt, es flammte an ihm rings, es aber merkte nichts, und es brannte an ihm, es aber nahm es nicht zu Herzen.
Rashi on Isaiah
and it blazed upon them all around I brought retribution upon the heathens ([Ms.] nations) all around so that they see and learn their lesson, like the matter stated (Zeph. 3:6f.): “I cut off nations, their towers were desolate...I said, You shall but fear Me, you shall learn a lesson...” ([This appears in certain manuscripts and in printed editions. In Nach Lublin, the reading is:] So that Israel see and learn a lesson.)
Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
Upon him. Comp. Gen. 49:22.34The peculiarity of a noun, pronoun or verb in the singular being referred to a noun in the plural is explained here; as e.g. עליו upon him, after the plural לא שמעו ,לא אבו they would not, they were not obedient, and צעדה she runs after בנות branches. (Gen. 49:22.) Comp. c. ii. Note 18. Upon every one of our forefathers.
Rashi on Isaiah
and they did not know They actually did know, but they trod with their heels. They did not care to understand this and to repent of their wickedness.