Midrasch zu Tehillim 142:78

“The wind goes to the south, and turns to the north; around and around the wind turns, and on its rounds the wind returns” (Ecclesiastes 1:6).
“The wind goes to the south, and turns to the north.” It “goes to the south” during the day, “and turns to the north” at night. “Around and around the wind turns, and on its rounds the wind returns” – toward the east and the west. “And on its rounds the wind returns” – Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya said: This wind, when it emerges into the world, the Holy One blessed be He weakens it in the mountains and breaks it on the hills, and He says to it: ‘Be careful that you do not harm My creations.’ What is the reason? “Because the wind, from before Me ya’atof” (Isaiah 57:16) – [I] make it faint, as it is stated: “When my soul was faint [nitatef] within me” (Jonah 2:8). Why to that extent? Because “and souls I have made” (Isaiah 57:16).
Rabbi Huna said: In three places the wind emerged disproportionately, and the wind sought to destroy the entire world with all its inhabitants: Once in the days of Job, once in the days of Elijah, and once in the days of Jonah. Once in the days of Job, as it is stated: “And behold a great wind came from across the wilderness [and smote the four corners of the house]” (Job 1:19). Once in the days of Elijah, as it is stated: “Behold, the Lord passed, and a great and strong wind, smashing mountains and breaking rocks” (I Kings 19:11). And once in the days of Jonah, as it is stated: “The Lord cast a great wind upon the sea” (Jonah 1:4). Rabbi Yehuda bar Shalom said: That wind that was during the days of Job was in the world only for that house alone. That of Jonah was in the world only for that ship alone. You do not have one that was worldwide other than that of Elijah, as it is stated: “He said: Go out and stand on the mountain before the Lord” (I Kings 19:11).³¹This phrase indicates that the wind was everywhere, as the entire world is “before the Lord” (Midrash HaMevoar). Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Tanḥum [said], and some say it in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: The messianic king will never come until all the souls that entered His mind to be created will live, and these are the souls that are stated in the book of Adam the first man, as it is stated: “This is the book of the descendants of Adam” (Genesis 5:1).

Go forth from the ark (Gen. 8:16). Scripture says elsewhere in allusion to this verse: Bring my soul out of prison, that I may give thanks to Thy name; the righteous shall crown themselves because of me; for Thou wilt deal bountifully with me (Ps. 142:8). Bring my soul out of prison refers to Noah, who was imprisoned in the ark. R. Levi said: Neither Noah nor his sons were able to sleep during the entire twelve months (in the ark) because they were obliged to feed the animals, the beasts, and the birds. R. Akiba stated that they even brought into the ark tree branches for the elephants and glass beads for the ostriches. Some of the animals had to be fed at the second hour in the night and others at the third hour of the night.

R. Huna said in the name of R. Yosé: He left the ark coughing and spitting blood because of a cold he had contracted, and it is for this reason that Scripture states: Bring out of prison my soul … the righteous shall crown themselves because of Me (Ps. 142:8), that is, through me the Holy One blessed be He took a crown. They shall reason: Though Noah was righteous, he was not wholly righteous. The Holy One, blessed be He, nevertheless performed miracles in his behalf, as it is said: He delivereth him that is innocent (Job 22:30). In this verse i-naki (“innocent”) should be interpreted as velo naki, that is, he was not wholly righteous. How many more miracles would He have performed in his behalf if he had been wholly righteous!

Another explanation of go forth from the ark. David said: Bring my soul out of prison (Ps. 142:8). Noah, while in the ark, prayed continually: Bring my soul out of prison, and it is said elsewhere: For this let everyone that is godly pray unto Thee in a time when Thou mayest be found; surely, when the great waters overflow, they will not reach unto him (ibid. 32:6).

(Gen. 8:16:) GO FORTH FROM THE ARK. This text is related (to Ps. 142:8 [7]): BRING MY SOUL OUT OF PRISON.⁴²Tanh., Gen. 2:14; see Gen. R. 34:1. < The verse > is speaking about Noah when he was in the ark. Noah said to the Holy One: BRING MY SOUL OUT OF PRISON; for he had been imprisoned there. R. Levi said: The whole twelve months that Noah was in the ark, neither he nor his children tasted a bit of sleep because they were responsible for feeding the cattle and the wild animals. R. Abba bar Kahana said:⁴³Gen. R. 31:14. He brought branches for the elephants and glass for the ostriches into the ark to feed the cattle and the wild animals. Now some of them ate in the second hour of the night, and some of them ate in the third hour of the day. Hence you yourself know that Noah did not taste a bit of sleep. R. Johanan said in the name of R. Eleazar b. R. Jose the Galilean: One time, when Noah was late in feeding the lion, the lion bit him; and he went away limping. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 7:23): AND NOAH ONLY [SURVIVED]. R. Huna said in the name of R. Jose: When Noah went forth from the ark, he gave a heartfelt groan. He therefore said (according to Ps. 142:8 [7]): BRING MY SOUL OUT OF PRISON…. THROUGH ME SHALL THE RIGHTEOUS WEAR A CROWN, < i.e., > through me shall the righteous take up a crown in the world. For they said: What! If in the case of Noah, who was righteous [but not completely righteous], the Holy One so performed miracles for him—Thus it is stated (in Job 22:30): HE SHALL DELIVER THE ONE THAT IS NOT INNOCENT, AND HE SHALL BE DELIVERED [THROUGH THE PURITY OF YOUR HANDS], since he was innocent and not innocent. R. Hanina b. R. Aha said: Uncia⁴⁴Latin; cf. Gk.: ougkia. (i.e., a little) merit was in him.⁴⁵Cf. Gen. R. 29:1. < If God did miracles for Noah >, how much the more, in the case of one who { was } [is] completely righteous, would the Holy One perform miracles for him. Thus it says (in Ps. 142:8 [7]): THROUGH ME SHALL THE RIGHTEOUS WEAR A CROWN, FOR YOU SHALL REWARD ME.

At six hours of the day the servant went forth from Haran, and he took Rebecca and Deborah her nurse and made them ride upon the camels. So that the servant should not be alone with the maiden (Rebecca) by night, the earth was contracted before him, and in three hours the servant came to Hebron at the time of the prayer of the afternoon-evening. And Isaac had gone forth to say the afternoon-evening prayer, as it is said, "And Isaac went forth to meditate in the field towards even" (Gen. 24:63).

Another interpretation (Gen. 8:16): [GO FORTH FROM THE ARK]. David said to the Holy One (in Ps. 142:8 [7]): Sovereign of the World, BRING MY SOUL OUT OF PRISON.⁵⁰Tanh., Gen. 2:11; cf. Gen. R. 34:1. When Noah was within the ark, he prayed constantly. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 32:6): THEREFORE, LET EVERY SAINT PRAY TO YOU IN A TIME WHEN YOU MAY BE FOUND, THAT WHEN THE GREAT WATERS OVERFLOW, THEY WILL NOT REACH HIM. And what did he pray? BRING MY SOUL OUT OF PRISON. The Holy One said to him: It is a decree from me that twelve months be fulfilled (in the ark). Unless they are fulfilled, you are not going forth. Even so Isaiah has stated (in Is. 49:8f.): IN AN ACCEPTABLE TIME I HAVE ANSWERED YOU … SAYING TO THOSE WHO ARE BOUND: GO FORTH. These (who were bound) are Noah and his sons, who were prohibited (literally: bound) from sexual intercourse.⁵¹See Gen. R. 31:12; 34:7. Joseph also acted in this way when he saw the years of famine that were going to come.⁵²Ta‘an. 11a. He engaged in sexual intercourse for being fruitful and multiplying before they came, as stated (in Gen. 41:50): AND UNTO JOSEPH WERE BORN TWO SONS BEFORE THE YEAR OF FAMINE CAME. Likewise Noah and his sons, the cattle, the wild beasts, and the fowl acted in this way.⁵³yTa‘an. 1:6 (64d). They did not engage in sexual intercourse for being fruitful and multiplying when they had entered the ark, for so had the Holy One commanded them when they had entered the ark. Where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Gen. 7:7): AND THERE WENT INTO THE ARK NOAH AND HIS SONS, the males by themselves; ALSO HIS WIFE AND HIS SONS' WIVES, the females by themselves.⁵⁴See Sanh. 108b. Thus all the days that Noah was in the ark, Noah, his sons, and all who were with him were prohibited (literally: bound) from sexual intercourse. The Holy One said to them: How can I be destroying the world in anger while you are building it up! When the flood passes on, however, you will engage in sexual intercourse for being fruitful and multiplying, as stated (in Is. 49:9): SAYING TO THOSE WHO ARE BOUND (i.e., PROHIBITED): GO FORTH. So, when the earth had become dry, the Holy One said to him (in Gen. 8:16): GO FORTH FROM THE ARK, [YOU AND YOUR WIFE] (with male and female mentioned together). Thus he released (i.e., permitted) them to be fruitful and multiply. And he also released the cattle, the wild beasts, and the fowl, as stated (in vs. 17): AND LET THEM ABOUND IN THE EARTH, BE FRUITFUL, AND MULTIPLY. Noah said to him: Sovereign of the World, might you possibly bring < another > flood to the world? He said to him: Thus have I sworn: I am not bringing another flood, as stated (in Gen. 8:21): THEN THE LORD SMELLED THE PLEASING ODOR; SO THE LORD SAID IN HIS HEART: I WILL NOT AGAIN CURSE THE GROUND ANY MORE…. How did he swear to him? Our masters say he swore to him by the covenant of Abraham, which is cited (in Neh. 9:7): AND YOU MADE A COVENANT WITH HIM (Abraham). So also Isaiah said (in Is. 54:9): FOR THIS IS LIKE THE WATERS OF NOAH TO ME: [AS I SWORE THAT THE WATERS OF NOAH WOULD NEVERMORE GO OVER THE EARTH]. You find, nevertheless, that forty days in every year these waters made a mark on the world until Solomon arose and built the Temple. Then those forty days ceased, as stated (in I Kings 6:38): AND IN THE ELEVENTH YEAR IN THE MONTH OF BUL … < THE HOUSE WAS FINISHED >. What is the meaning of IN THE MONTH OF BUL? In the month that the cattle are given mixed fodder (BLYM) from the house.⁵⁵Cf. yRH 1:2 (56d). Another interpretation: IN THE MONTH OF BUL: In the time that the earth turns into clods (bulim bulim). Another interpretation: IN THE MONTH OF BUL: < BUL > is lacking the letter M to correspond with the forty days that were cut off from the world.⁵⁶The letter M (mem) in Hebrew also represents the number forty. When mem is prefixed to bul, the word for flood results. Now, if the Holy One has sworn to Noah by the covenant of our father Abraham and fulfilled < the oath >, he will certainly fulfill the three oaths he has sworn to Zion. These are the three oaths: {He swore by the covenant of our father Abraham, as stated (in Is. 54:9): FOR THIS IS LIKE THE WATERS OF NOAH TO ME.} He swore by his own soul, so to speak, as stated (in Amos 6:8): THE LORD GOD HAS SWORN BY HIS OWN SOUL. He has also sworn by the Sabbath (ShBT), as stated (in Exod. 31:17): < IT > (the Sabbath) IS A SIGN BETWEEN ME AND THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL FOREVER; FOR IN SIX DAYS THE LORD MADE HEAVEN AND EARTH, AND ON THE SEVENTH DAY HE RESTED (ShBT) AND WAS REFRESHED. {And it is written} [And he has sworn by Torah, as stated] (in Is. 62:8): THE LORD HAS SWORN BY HIS RIGHT HAND. This is Torah, as stated (in Deut. 33:2): AT HIS RIGHT HAND A FIERY LAW (dat) FOR THEM.⁵⁷Ber. 6a. And what did he swear to Jerusalem? That he would build it up. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 147:2): THE LORD BUILDS UP JERUSALEM. R. Samuel bar Nahmani said: It is an aggadic tradition that Jerusalem will not be built up until all the exiles are gathered. If someone says to you that all the exiles have been gathered but Jerusalem is not built up, do not believe < him >, since it is stated: THE LORD BUILDS UP JERUSALEM, and afterwards (ibid., cont.): HE GATHERS THE EXILED ONES OF ISRAEL. Israel said to the Holy One: Sovereign of the World, has not Jerusalem already been built up and destroyed? He said to them: It was destroyed and you went into exile from it because of your sins. Now, however, I will build it up and never destroy it, as stated (in Ps. 102:17 [16]): FOR THE LORD HAS BUILT UP ZION; HE HAS APPEARED IN HIS GLORY.

(Gen. 31:3:) THEN GOD SAID UNTO JACOB…. This text is related (to Ps. 142:6 [5]): I CRIED UNTO YOU, O LORD; I SAID: YOU ARE MY REFUGE, MY PORTION IN THE LAND OF THE LIVING. Who uttered this verse? David uttered it. MY PORTION IN THE LAND OF THE LIVING: He calls the land of Israel THE LAND OF THE LIVING. Why? Resh Laqish said in the name of R. Eleazar haQappar: Because the dead in the land of Israel are the first to come alive in the days of the Messiah. For this reason he calls it THE LAND OF THE LIVING.⁷⁸Below, 12:6; Tanh., Gen. 12:3; yKil. 9:4 (32c); yKet. 12:3 (12:4)(35b); Ket. 111a; Gen. R. 74:1; 96:5 (7); PR 1:4, 6; cf. also Zech. 14:4; 1 Thessalonians 4:16; Revelation 20:4-5. David said: I yearn to dwell within it, but Saul does not allow me. Rather (according to I Sam. 26:19): FOR THEY HAVE DRIVEN ME OUT TODAY SO THAT I SHOULD HAVE NO SHARE IN THE LORD'S INHERITANCE. Therefore (in Ps. 142:6 [5]): I CRIED UNTO YOU, O LORD; and, because I did so, I became king over Israel.

Another interpretation (of Ps. 142:6 [5]): I CRIED UNTO YOU, O LORD. < The verse > speaks about Jacob. When he set out from his father's house, what does it say (in Gen. 28:20)? IF GOD IS WITH ME…. He raised his eyes to the Holy One < and > said (in Ps. 142:6 [5], cont.): YOU ARE MY REFUGE. He said to him (in Gen. 28:15): SEE, I AM WITH YOU…. (Ps. 124:6 [5], cont.:) MY PORTION IN THE LAND OF THE LIVING. Now Jacob was hoping to return to the land of Israel. Jacob said: With permission I went out. If I do not get permission, I am not returning. The Holy One said: Do you want permission? Permission you have. (Gen. 31:3, cont.:) RETURN UNTO THE LAND OF YOUR PARENTS. Did you come for anything but the tribes? See, you have them.

Rabbi Zadok said: For twelve months all the creatures were in the ark; and Noah stood and prayed before the Holy One, blessed be He, saying before Him: Sovereign of all worlds ! Bring me forth from this prison, for my soul is faint, because of the stench of lions. Through me will all the righteous crown Thee with a crown of sovereignty, because Thou hast brought me forth from this prison, as it is said, "Bring my soul out of prison, that I may give thanks unto thy name: for the righteous shall crown me, when thou wilt have dealt bountifully with me" (Ps. 142:7).

And God spoke to Noah, saying: Go forth from the Ark, etc. (Gen 8:15). It is written, 'Bring my soul out of prison, that I may give thanks unto Your name; the righteous shall crown themselves because of me; for You will deal bountifully with me' (Ps. 142:8). 'Bring my soul out of prison' this is Noah, who was imprisoned twelve months in the Ark; 'That I may give thanks to Your name' to give thanks to Your [awe-inspiring] name; 'The righteous shall crown themselves because of me': the righteous shall glory in me. 'For You will deal bountifully with me': You did deal bountifully with me and said to me: Go forth from the Ark.

And he came upon (vayifga') the place (Genesis 28:11) - Rav Huna says, in the name of Rabbi Ami: why do we substitute the name of the Holy Blessed One and use Place? Because God is the Place of the world, and the world is not the place of God. From what is written "Here there is a place with Me" (Exodus 33:21) the Holy Blessed One is the place of the world and the world is not the place of the Holy Blessed One. Said Rabbi Yitzchak: from "The ancient God is dwelling" (Deut. 33:27) we do not know if the Holy Blessed One is the dwelling of the world or if the world is the dwelling of the Holy One, but from what is written "Hashem, You are a dwelling" we see that the Holy Blessed One is the dwelling of the world and the the world is not the dwelling of the Holy One. Rabbi Aba bar Yudan said about a warrior who rides on a horse having plenty weapons on both his right and left: the horse depends on the rider, and the rider does not depend on the horse, as it is said: "when you ride on your horse" (Habakuk 3:8). Another explanation: what is "vayifga"? It is he prayed. He prayed on the place, the place of the Beit Hamikdash. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: the first ancestors fixed three Prayers. Avraham fixed the morning prayer, as it is written "Next morning, Abraham rose to the place where he had stood before " (Genesis 19:27), and the term stood can only be Prayer, as it is written "And Pinchas stood and prayed" (Psalms 106:30). Yitzchak fixed the afternoon prayer, as it is written "And Isaac went out to converse in the field toward evening" (Genesis 24:63) and the term converse can only be Prayer, as it is written "I pour out my conversation before God" (Ps. 142:3). Yaakov fixed the evening Prayer, as it is written "And he came upon the place" and the term vayifga' can only be Prayer, as it is written "As for you, do not pray for this people, do not raise a cry of prayer on their behalf, do not tifga' Me; for I will not listen to you." (Jer. 7:16), and the text also says: " If they are really prophets and the word of Hashem is with them, ifge'u Hashem of Hosts" (Jer. 27:18). Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachman said: three times the day changes. At evening, a person needs to say "may it be Your will, Hashem my God, that you will bring me from darkness to light." At morning one needs to say "I thank you Hashem my God, that you brought me from darkness to light." In the afternoon a person needs to say "may it be Your will, Hashem my God, that just as I merited to see the sun rise, may I merit to see the sun set." Another explanation of vaiyfga' - the rabbis say the prayers were fixed according to the Tamid sacrifices. The morning prayer according to the morning Tamid offering. The afternoon prayer according to the Tamid of the late afternoon. The evening prayer has no set moment, it was established according to the limbs and fat pieces that were consumed by the fire of the altar.