וּבְנֵ֥י יָוָ֖ן אֱלִישָׁ֣ה וְתַרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה כִּתִּ֖ים וְרוֹדָנִֽים׃ (ס)
Und die Söhne Javans: Elischa und Tarsis, Kittim und Rodanim.
Ibn Ezra
One of the sages of the generation said: "he had to say אויימה to make the rhyme richnote To this day, in poetic analysis, the term "rime riche" — literally "rich rhyme" — is used for a rhyme scheme where three or more phonemes are repeated. I responded, if this is a rich rhyme, them many of his poems are so poor they're begging door-to-door! He paired the hei הר with the ḥet of נבחר! If that's because both are guttural letters, he should also rhyme aleph and 'ayin with them! And regarding bet and vav — for he rhymes לוי with נביא — he should also rhyme mem and pei with them! There should be five kinds of rhyming for the five phonetic points of articulation! If his reasoning for pairing hei and ḥet is that they look similar when written, he should pair resh and dalet. In fact, we see דעואל (Numbers 1:14) and רעואל (Numbers 2:14), דודנים (Genesis 10:4) and רודנים (I Chronicles 1:7). He ought to pair משפטים with פתים, since they have the same points of articulation — and the ṭet is found in place of tav in words like נצטדק, הצטיידנו, and ויצטירו. And he paired ויום with פדיון and עליון, which is also not correct. Even though we find mem and nun interchanged — as in חיין (Job 24:22) and חטין (Ezekiel 4:9), how can the mem of יום, a root letter, be paired with the nun of פדיון and עליון, which are from עלה and פדה, and thus not a root letter? And what's more, why rhyme? Is it just because it sounds nice when one ending seems like another? Maybe he had a sixth sense that mem sounds like nun even though they don't have the same point of articulation! He also paired עושׁר with עשׂר תעשׂר, which is certainly not correct unless the person praying is an Ephraimite.note According to Judges 12:4-6, the Ephraimites didn't distinguish their sibilants properly.
Chizkuni
כתים ודודנים; elsewhere the דדנים are called רודנים. (Compare Chronicles I 1,7) This is to teach us that at times in history when the fortunes of the Jewish people as r ascending, these people treat us a “cousins,” in order to benefit from this biological relationship. When the fortunes of the Jewish people’s fortunes are on the decline, these “cousins,” are the first to join those who persecute us.
Radak
ודדנים, spelled with a double letter ד, whereas the same people are spelled as רודנים in Chronicles I 1,7. Seeing that the letters ד and ר look so similar to one another, it is quite possible that both spellings are used interchangeably. Someone may have mistaken the letter ד for the letter ר so that this error has been perpetuated. There can be no question that in a situation such as this, the spelling in the Torah must be considered authoritative, as Moses wrote at the dictation of G’d and with a high degree of prophetic insight. According to Josephus, the people concerned lived (in his time) along the river “Rodeno.”