Related zu Schemot 12:63

How [one should understand]: "for the months"? [ Answer:] Although it says ”in the first month” and ”in the second month”, one starts counting only from Nisan; because it says: “This month shall be the first of the months for you”.

When the luminaries are eclipsed it is a bad omen to the whole world. What is this to be compared to? To a king who made a feast and notified the wayfarers; he was angry with them, and bade the steward remove the lamp from before them, so that they were all sitting in darkness. Rabbi Meir says: When the luminaries are eclipsed it is an ill omen to the enemies of Israel. What is this to be compared to? To a teacher who went to a secondary school, and said, "Bring me a strap." Who is more afraid? The child who is accustomed to being beaten. When the sun is eclipsed it is a bad omen to the nations of the world; when the moon is eclipsed it is a bad omen to the nations of the world, but a good omen to Israel; for the Gentiles reckon time from the sun, but Israel reckons time from the moon; when it is eclipsed in the east, it is a bad omen to the dwellers in the east; when in the west, it is a bad omen to the dwellers in the west; when in the center, it is a bad omen to the whole world. When the sun and the moon are turned as it were to blood, punishment by the sword comes on the world, punishment by pestilence and by famine. When they are eclipsed at the time of their rising punishment tarries in coming; when at the time of their setting punishment hastens to come; but there are those who say just the reverse of this. There is no nation punished whose gods are not punished with it, as it is said, "And against all the gods of Egypt, etc." When Israel is busied in the study of Torah it is not troubled by these things, for it is said, "Thus said God, Learn not the way of the nations, etc." [Jerimiah 10]

[When] Rosh Chodesh Adar falls on Shabbat, we read the portion of "Shekalim" (Ex. 30:11-16) and in addition we read the portion of the shekalim that concerns Yehoyada the Kohen (commencing with 2 Kings 12:8). What is the "first Shabbat"? Any Rosh Chodesh Adar falls within [that designation], even on Erev Shabbat. On the second Shabbat, [we read the portion beginning] "Remember [what Amalek did]" (Deut. 25:17) and additionally we read "Thus said the Lord of Hosts, I remember what Amelek did to Israel" (1 Sam. 15:2). What is the "second Shabbat"? Every [Shabbat] in which Purim falls within it, and even on Erev Shabbat. On the third [Sabbath we read the portion of] the Red Heifer, and additionally we read "And I will sprinkle pure water on you and you will be purified" (Ezek. 36:25). What is the "third Shabbat"? Any [Shabbat] that immediately follows Purim. The fourth [Shabbat we read], "This month shall be to you the head of the months" (Ex. 12:2), and in addition [we read] "Thus said the Lord, in the first [month], on the first of the month" (Ezek. 45:18). Which is the fourth Shabbat? Any [Shabbat] in which Rosh Chodesh Nissan falls within it, and even on Erev Shabbat.