Talmud zu Dewarim 26:3

²³Here starts the discussion of the second part of Mishnah 1.: Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Yannai: This is one of three derivations²⁴Cf. Chapter 1, Note 159. The parallel in the Babli to the derivations here is Qiddušin 66b. The argument of Rav, Rav Abba, somewhat changed, is there given in the name of Samuel’s father, Abba ben Abba. Elsewhere (Sifry Deut. 298. Babli Sanhedrin 28b) the argument of R. Yannai is given in the name of R. Yose the Galilean (the Tanna); the argument of Rav is not found in tannaїtic sources. which are clear from the Torah (Deut. 26:3): “You shall come to the Cohen who will be in those days.” Is there a Cohen now who is not a Cohen after some time? Who is that? That is one who was standing sacrificing on the altar when it became known that he is the son of a divorcee or of one who had performed ḥaliẓah, that his work is valid²⁵In Tosephta Roš Haššanah 2:18, the similar verse Deut. 17:9 is explained that Cohen and judge in one’s own time have the same authority as Aaron and Moses in their time.. Rav said, (Deut. 33:11) “You will want the work of his hands,” that the work of everybody who is of the descendants of Levi is valid²⁶Since the verse is addressed to the entire tribe of Levi and not only to the recognized Cohanim. Since the sons of divorcees are also descendants of Levi, they are included (if they happened to be admitted to the service.).

MISHNAH: ⁶⁷He only excludes valley figs. The following bring but do not make the declaration. The proselyte brings but does not make the declaration since he cannot say (Deut. 26:3): “That the Eternal had sworn to our forefathers to give us.” But if his mother was Jewish⁶⁸The child of a Jewish mother is automatically Jewish. But since Mishnah Qiddušin 3:12 states that “in all cases where marriage is possible and not sinful, the child is classified with the male”, the child is still classified as a proselyte. he brings and makes the declaration. When he prays in private⁶⁹In the first benediction of the ‘Amidah prayer., he says “God of the forefathers of Israel.” When he is in the synagogue, he says “God of your forefathers.” But if his mother was Jewish he says “God of our forefathers.”

MISHNAH: The fife beats before them until they arrive at the Temple Mount. Arrived at the Temple Mount, even king Agrippas takes the basket on his own shoulder and enters until he arrives at the Temple courtyard. When they arrived at the Temple courtyard, the Levites sang (Ps. 30:2): “I shall elevate You, Eternal, for You drew me up and You did not make my enemies happy because of me.” The pigeons on the baskets were elevation sacrifices and what was in their hands⁶⁷According to Maimonides, pigeons that were not tied to the baskets. According to R. Abraham ben David and R. Simson, the baskets of First Fruits; according to the Mayence commentary (“Rabbenu Gershom”) and Rashi (in Menaḥot 58a), the baskets themselves. The last explanation is the only one compatible with the Halakhah (Note 70). they gave to the Cohanim.
As long as the basket is still on his shoulder he reads from (Deut. 26:3) “I am declaring today before the Eternal, your God” until he finishes the entire paragraph. Rebbi Jehudah says, until (v. 5): “My father was a wandering Aramean.” When he comes to “my father was a wandering Aramean”, he takes the basket down from his shoulder, holds it by its rim, and the Cohen puts his hand under it and weaves⁶⁸Cf. Chapter 2, Note 122. it. Then he reads from “my father was a wandering Aramean” until he finishes the entire paragraph, he puts it down next to the altar, prostrates himself, and leaves.
In earlier times, everybody who knew how to read, read, and everybody who did not know how to read, had someone read before him⁸¹The Cohen recites the declaration word by word and the farmer repeats each word after the Cohen.. When they refrained from bringing they instituted that one read before him who knew and him who did not know.
Rich people bring their First Fruits in bowls⁸²Greek κάλαθος, Latin calathus “basket; pail; bowl”. of silver and gold but poor people bring them in baskets of stripped willow twigs. Baskets and First Fruits are given to the Cohanim.