Talmud zu Schemot 12:4

HALAKHAH: From where that he needs to slaughter for those who will eat it? Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Ismael: For each man according to his eating you shall cut¹⁰⁷Ex. 12:4. This translation reads the hapax תָּכֹ֖סּוּ with Ibn Ezra as derived from a root כסס “to cut into pieces”, as in Accadic. R. Josia reads it as imperative of Syriac נכס “to slaughter”. Mekhilta dR. Ismael Bo Parašah 3, end. Differetly Babli, 61a, 78b.
K reads: For each man according to his eating, one has to slaughter according to its eaters.. Rebbi Josia said, it is a Syriac expresssion, as if a person say to his neighbor, slaughter for me this lamb.

From where that one subscribes? The verse says, by the number of souls⁷⁹Ex. 12:4. By biblical decree a person not counted as participant is barred from eating the Pesaḥ. Babli 89a.. From where that one appoints⁸⁰Appoints people as eaters.? It is said here a lamb, and it is said in Egypt a lamb. Since the lamb quoted in Egypt is live, not slaughtered, so the lamb quoted here is live, not slaughtered⁸¹“Lamb” is mentioned in v. 12:4 which, since its topic is not otherwise dealt with in the Pentateuch, refers to Pesaḥ at all times. “Lamb” also is mentioned in v. 12:3 which uniquely refers to the Pesaḥ in Egypt since only there was the lamb selected on the 10th of Nisan. Since the lamb was slaughtered only in the evening of the 14th; on both occasions the reference is to a living lamb. This implies that the count must be made while the lamb is alive, the position of the anonymous majority.. What is Rebbi Simeon’s reason? If he dies between slaughtering and pouring, would it not count for the owner as merit? What is the difference between the owner dying or the owner withdrawing from it⁸³A person subscribed to a Pesaḥ as an individual but now appears with several people which he has invited without paying for them. They may give him the portion of an individual and tell him to divide it among his guests while everybody else get the full volume for which he has paid..

Rav Huna said, if somebody dedicated his Pesaḥ and said, on condition that nobody else subscribe with me, nobody else can subscribe with him. If he dedicated it without specification, any who join are its subscribers⁸⁷From the start the Pesaḥ is dedicated for anybody who will come to join.. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Zeˋira: Does the Mishnah say so? “If thehouse be less⁸⁸Ex. 12:4., this teaches that they may continuously diminish, on condition that there always be one of the first group and one of the second group, the words of Rebbi Jehudah. Rebbi Yose says, either from the first or from the second, if only the Pesaḥ not be left alone.⁸⁹Babli 99a, Tosephta 7:7, Mekhilta dR. Ismael Bo 3, dR. Simeon ben Yoḥai p. 9. It is presumed that practice follows R. Yose (the Tanna, ben Ḥalafta.)” If you are saying that any who join are its subscribers, then the members of the first group are the members of the second group⁹⁰According to Rav Ḥuna, every subscriber is counted as original subscriber; there can be no first and second group.. What is the difference between them? If he dedicated his Pesaḥ, withdrew from it but another person subscribed to it. In the opinion of Rav Ḥuna it is qualified, in the opinion of Rebbi Zeˋira disqualified⁹¹For Rav Ḥuna, the second person is an original subscriber. For R. Zeˋira the Pesaḥ was left without subscriber for a moment; this disqualifies.. In the opinion of Rav Ḥuna it is dedication by an individual and subject to the laws of substitution; in the opinion of Rebbi Zeˋira it is dedication by partners and dedication of partners is not subject to the laws of substitution⁹²If the first subscriber left; his replacement now is the original dedicator and all the rules of Tractate Temurah (Lev.27:10) do apply. But for R. Zeˋira, supposing that the second subscriber came before the first one left and the Pesaḥ still is qualified, it now is dedication by partners and any attempt at substitution is invalid and therefore inconsequential.. If a hundred people subscribed to it simultaneously, Rav Ḥuna said, if there is the volume [of an olive for each of them], it is qualified, otherwise disqualified. Rebbi Zeˋira said, as long as there is the volume of an olive for each of them, it is qualified, otherwise disqualified⁹³Since for Rav Ḥuna all subscribers are original dedicators, simultaneous subscription is possible. The subscriptions either are all valid or all invalid. For R. Zeˋira only sequential subscriptions are possible; as long as there is the volume of an olive available for a new subscriber he is accepted, otherwise he is rejected, but the rejection has no influence on the status of subscribers accepted earlier.. And it was stated thus: “If they subscribed and added subscribers, as long as there is the volume of an olive for each of them, it is qualified, otherwise disqualified.⁹⁴Babli 78b.”