Talmud zu Nechemja 9:14

Why does one read these two sections every day? Rebbi Simon says because they mention lying down and getting up. Rebbi Levi said, because the Ten Commandments are contained in them²⁰⁵Since Rebbi Levi depends heavily on the third section of Shema‘, he cannot agree that in the evening one should recite only two sections. In the Babli (Berakhot 12b), the third section of Shema‘ is singled out for its importance because five of the Ten Commandments are alluded to in it.. “I am the Eternal, your God.” - “Hear²⁰⁶As R. Shelomo ben Adrat (Rashba) points out, שמע can mean “hear, understand, or accept.”, o Israel, The Eternal, our God.” “You should not have any other gods before me.” - “The Eternal is One.” “Do not take the name of the Eternal, your God, in vain.” - “You must love the Eternal, your God.” He who loves the king will not swear in his name and lie. “Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it.” - “So that you shall remember;” Rebbi said: that is the commandment of Sabbath which is as important as all other commandments of the Torah together, as it is written (Neh. 9:14): “You informed them about Your Sabbath, commandments, laws, and Torah you commanded them, …” to show that it is as important as the other commandments of the Torah²⁰⁷Since the Sabbath alone is given a parallel status to “Torah” in this verse.. “Honor your father and mother” - “So that your days and the days of your children should increase.²⁰⁸This promise is connected with honoring father and mother in the Ten Commandments of Deuteronomy.” “Do not murder” - “You will soon be lost.” He who kills will be killed. “Do not commit adultery” - “Do not stray after your hearts and after your eyes.” Rebbi Levi said: heart and eye are the two agents of sin. It is written (Prov. 23:26) “My son, give Me your heart; your eyes should watch My ways.” The Holy One, Praise to Him, says: If you give me your heart and eyes I know that you are mine²⁰⁹The connection seems to be from the following verse: “Because a dark ditch is the harlot and a source of trouble the strange woman.”. “Do not steal” - “You shall harvest your grain,” not your neighbor’s grain²¹⁰This contradicts the opinion of the Babli, Sanhedrin 86a, that the Ten commandments forbid kidknapping, a capital crime like murder and adultery. The Babli’s opinion is found also in Mekhilta deR. Ismael (Jithro 5), which possibly was edited in the Academy of Rav in Babylonia. The same attitude as here, that all stealing is prohibited, is found in Mekhilta deR. Simeon bar Yoḥai, p. 153.” “Do not testify against your neighbor as a false witness,” - “I am the Lord, your God.” And it is written (Jer. 10:10) “But the Lord is the God of truth.” What is truth? Rebbi Abun said: that (Jer. 10:10) “He is God of life and king of the world.” Rebbi Levi said: The Holy One, praise to Him, said, if you gave false testimony against your neighbor, I count that against you as if you gave testimony against Me that I did not create heaven and earth²¹¹This argument is the base of Rashi’s commentary on Berakhot 14b, on the statement that one is required to end the recitation of Shema‘ with “the Eternal is the God of truth.” Rabbi Abun (Rabin) was a younger contemporary of R. Levi.. “Do not covet your neighbor’s house” - “You shall write them on the doorposts of your house,” your house and not your neighbor’s house.

“On the eighth day one shall circumcize¹⁶¹Lev. 12:2.,” even on the Sabbath. How can I confirm “its desecrator shall certainly die¹⁶²Ex. 31:14.?” Even for circumcision? How can I confirm “on the eighth day one shall circumcize”? Even on the Sabbath? The verse says “¹⁶¹Lev. 12:2.But on the eighth day one shall circumcize,” even on the Sabbath¹⁶³In the Babylonian versions [Šabbat 132a, Sifra Tazria‘ Pereq 1(4)] the argument for performing circumcision on the Sabbath is based on the expression “on the Sabbath day” and not simply “on the Sabbath”.. In Torah, Prophets, and Hagiographs we find that the Sabbath is as weighty as all other commandments of the Torah¹⁶⁴Cf. Berakhot 1:8, Note 207. The text is copied in Ex. rabba 25(16). [taken together]. In the Torah, “until when will you refuse to keep My Commandments and Teachings¹⁶⁵Ex. 15:28.,” and it is written: “See that the Eternal gave you the Sabbath¹⁶⁶Ex. 15:29. The Sabbath is called “commandments and teachings” when no other prohibitions were yet given to the Israelites..” In Prophets, as is written¹⁶⁷Ez. 20:21.: “But the sons rebelled against Me; My Laws they did not follow” etc., and it is written¹⁶⁸Ez. 20:13. In Ex. rabba the quote is instead from Ez. 20:21, where the Sabbath is the only commandment singled out of all “laws and rules”. The word מאד “much” probably should be deleted.: “My Sabbaths they much desecrated.” In Hagiographs, as it is written: “On Mount Sinai You descended¹⁶⁹Neh. 9:13.,” and it is written: “And about Your holy Sabbath You informed them¹⁷⁰Neh. 9:14; again the Sabbath is the only commandment singled out of all “commandments and laws”.,” etc. Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Abuna said, commandment of Sabbath is written plene¹⁷¹In all other occurrences in the Hebrew Bible the spelling is מִצְוֹת, only at this place it is מִצְווֹת., to inform you that it is as weighty as all other commandments of the Torah. A parable of two ladies who meet and you do not know which one is of higher standing. If one makes room for the other, you know that the other is of higher standing.