Talmud zu Bamidbar 15:19

HALAKHAH: ⁶This and the next paragraphs are also in Pesaḥim 2:4 (fol. 29b).“Five kinds are subject to ḥallah”, etc. It is written (Num. 15:19): “It shall be when you eat of the bread of the Land you shall lift a heave⁷This is ḥallah which follows the rules of heave. for the Eternal.” I could think that everything⁸Since לחם can also mean “food”, cf. Gen. 47:12. is subject to ḥallah; the verse says “of the bread” and not all bread. If “of the bread” and not all bread, that might be only wheat and barley⁹Since bread is usually made from these.. From where spelt, foxtail, and oats? The verse says (Num. 15:20,21) “the first of your dough,¹⁰The expression is emphasized by repetition. One has to include every grain usable for making dough.” this includes. Does it include everything¹¹According to this argument, rice and millet for example should also be included.? Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Simeon¹²This must be R. Simeon ben Laqish. R. Yose asserts that R. Ismael accepted the inference as valid; “dough” includes every bread-dough made from grains similar to the bread grains wheat and barley.: Rebbi Ismael stated this.

Rebbi Jonah, Rebbi Zeïra, Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish in the name of Rebbi Ismael. Rebbi Mana said, I went to Caesarea and heard Rebbi Aḥava ben Rebbi Zeïra¹⁴The son of R. Zeïra who had been a baraita teacher in his father’s academy. The father of R. Mana was R. Jonah., but my father said it in the name of Rebbi Ismael¹⁵A similar text Sifry Num. 110. As regards Passover only, Babli Pesaḥim 35a, Mekhilta deR. Ismael Bo Chap. 8, 17; Sifry Num. 146.: “Bread” is mentioned for Passover¹⁶Deut. 16:2. and “bread” is mentioned for ḥallah¹⁷Num. 15:19.. Since bread mentioned in a discussion of Passover is something that can be either maẓẓah or leavened, bread mentioned for ḥallah must be something that can be either maẓẓah or leavened. They checked and found that only the five kinds can be either maẓẓah or leavened; all others cannot be maẓẓah¹⁸Rice cakes, while unleavened, cannot be called maẓẓah since rice bread (not containing gluten) does not qualify as leavened bread. If left standing with leavening it will not rise but spoil. or leavened but would spoil.

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Hoshaiah asked Cahana: From where that these are subject to ḥallah but exempt from tithes? He said to him, do not tell me (Num. 15:19): “you shall lift”; (v. 20) “so you shall lift.”¹¹⁹“It shall be when you eat from the bread of the Land, you shall lift a heave for the Eternal. The first of your doughs, ḥallah you shall lift as heave, as the heave of the threshing floor so you shall lift it.” At first glance, the second verse seems to imply that anything exempt from great heave should be exempt from ḥallah. Cahana assumes that R. Hoshaiah’s question was, why should the items enumerated in the Mishnah ever be subject to ḥallah? He came back and said, from 14 [years]¹²⁰The years of conquest and distribution under Joshua, when they ate from the bread of the Land but did not harvest themselves. Cf. Seder Olam11 [in the author’s edition (Northvale NJ 1998), pp. 116–117, Note 2]; ‘Orlah1:2, Note 55.. Just as in the 14 years they were subject to ḥallah but exempt from tithes, so these are subject to ḥallah but exempt from tithes.

HALAKHAH: ¹⁸⁷This and the the following paragraphs up to Note 207 are also in Ḥallah 1:1, Notes 6–21, ח. It is written¹⁸⁸Num. 15:19.: It shall be when you eat of the bread of the Land you shall lift a heave¹⁸⁹This is ḥallah which follows the rules of heave.for the Eternal. I could think that everything¹⁹⁰Since לֶחֶם also means food in general. is subject to ḥallah; the verse says of the bread but not all bread¹⁹¹Which are the main bread grains.. If of the bread and not all bread, that might be only wheat and barley¹⁹²Num. 15:20, 21.? From where the other kinds? The verse says the first of your dough¹⁹²Num. 15:20, 21., this includes¹⁹³Not only rye, spelt, and fox grain but also rice and millet would be included.. Does it include everything? Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Simeon:¹⁹⁴This must be R. Simeon ben Laqish. R. Yose asserts that R. Ismael accepted the inference as valid; “dough” includes every bread-dough made from grains similar to wheat and barley. R. Aqiba’s interpretation of these verses is reported in Sifry Num. 110. Rebbi Ismael stated this. Rebbi Jonah, Rebbi Zeˋira, Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish, in the name of Rebbi Ismael¹⁹⁵Confirmed this tradition..

Rebbi Mana said, I went to Caesarea and heard Rebbi Aḥava ben Rebbi Zeˋira¹⁹⁶The son of R. Zeˋ ira who had been a baraita teacher in his father’s academy. (who said, I) [my father] said in the name of Rebbi Ismael¹⁹⁷A similar text Sifry Num. 110. As regards Passover only, Babli Pesaḥim 35a, Mekhilta deR. Ismael Bo Chap. 8, 17; Sifry Num. 146.: “Bread” is mentioned for Passover¹⁹⁸Deut. 16:2. and “bread” is mentioned for ḥallah¹⁹⁹Num. 15:19.. Since bread mentioned in a discussion of Passover is something that can be either mazzah or leavened, bread mentioned for ḥallah must be something that can be either mazzah or leavened. They checked and found that only the five kinds can be either mazzah or leavened; all others cannot be mazzah²⁰⁰Rice cakes, while unleavened, cannot be called mazzah since rice bread (not containing gluten) does not quality as leavened bread. If left standing with leavening it will not rise but spoil. or leavened but would spoil.

“Rebbi Aqiba says, all goes after forming a crust in the oven.” The colleagues in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: Rebbi Aqiba agrees with the Sages that rolling the dough of a layman makes it ṭevel. Rebbi Hila in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: Rebbi Aqiba agrees with the Sages that rolling the dough by the Temple exempts⁷⁶In R. Eleazar’s opinion, R. Aqiba accepts Mishnah 3:3 without change. R. Eliahu Fulda notes that “layman” is mentioned only as contrast to “Temple”. This seems to contradict the statements in Halakhah 2:1, Notes 5–6.. Cahana said, the words of Rebbi Aqiba imply that shaping the heap by the Temple does not exempt⁷⁷Shaping the heap is the end of grain processing, which triggers the obligation of heave and tithes. R. Aqiba states in Mishnah Menaḥot 10:4 that leftover flour made by Temple personnel from barley for the ‘omer offering is obligated for tithes. Since the cut grain has to be cleaned before milling, that cleaning process is the equivalent of shaping the heap in a regular harvest. The anonymous majority holds everywhere that all Temple grain is exempt from heave and tithes.
Everybody in that Mishnah agrees that dough made from this flour is subject to ḥallah.. Rebbi Jonah said, that of Rebbi Cahana disagrees with that of Rebbi Eleazar. He who says rolling exempts, [says] shaping exempts. And he who says rolling does not exempt, [says] shaping does not exempt⁷⁸This argument is brought without a dissenting voice in Babli Menaḥot 67a.. But according to the rabbis, rolling exempts in the Gentile’s power, shaping does not exempt in the Gentile’s power. It is difficult for the rabbis, if rolling exempts in the Gentile’s power, why does shaping not exempt in the Gentile’s power⁷⁹The Babli, Menaḥot 67a, holds that this is not biblical but purely rabbinic.? There is a difference since it is written (Lev.27:30): “All tithe from the Land from the seed of the Land.⁸⁰The ethnicity of the farmer is not mentioned. The questioner, and the rabbis quoted in the last sentence, must hold with R. Meïr that possession by a Gentile does not remove the obligations imposed on produce of the Land; cf. Peah 4, Notes 129–131.” But is here⁸¹In the laws of ḥallah. not written (Num. 15:19): “From the bread of the Land?” From the bread, not all bread⁸²If this מ is partitive, there is no reason why in Lev. 27:30 it cannot be partitive also. The argument of R. Jonah is rejected.. Rebbi Ḥanina the son of Rebbi Hillel said, from the rabbis we infer that Cahana’s statement does not disagree with Rebbi Eleazar. Just as the rabbis say, rolling exempts in the Gentile’s power but shaping does not exempt in the Gentile’s power, so Rebbi Aqiba says, rolling does not exempt in the Gentile’s power and shaping does not exempt in the power of the Temple⁸³It is implied that in the matter of grain grown by a Gentile in the Land, R. Meïr reports the position of R. Aqiba.
A Genizah text reads רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר אֵין גִּילְגּוּל פּוֹטֵר בִּרְשׁוּת הֶקְדֵּשׁ אֵין הַמֵּירוּחַ פּוֹטֵר בִּרְשׁוּת הֶקְדֵּשׁ. “Rebbi Aqiba says, rolling does not exempt in the Temple’s power and shaping does not exempt in the power of the Temple”. This may be the better text..