Hebrew Bible Study
Hebrew Bible Study

Commentary for Deuteronomy 17:12

וְהָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה בְזָד֗וֹן לְבִלְתִּ֨י שְׁמֹ֤עַ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן֙ הָעֹמֵ֞ד לְשָׁ֤רֶת שָׁם֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ א֖וֹ אֶל־הַשֹּׁפֵ֑ט וּמֵת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And the man that doeth presumptuously, in not hearkening unto the priest that standeth to minister there before the LORD thy God, or unto the judge, even that man shall die; and thou shalt exterminate the evil from Israel.

Sforno on Deuteronomy

והאיש אשר יעשה בזדון, who deliberately hands down a ruling to be applied forthwith, which is against that handed down by the Supreme Court, ומת האיש ההוא, he is to be executed at the behest of the Supreme Court, and thereby all the people will hear about it and the absolute authority of the Sanhedrin will be preserved and the people will remain in awe of it.
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Rabbeinu Bahya

והאיש אשר יעשה בזדון, “and the man who will act deliberately contrary, etc.” the Torah refers to a judge, however competent, who after the Sanhedrin has ruled on a matter under dispute hands down a dissenting decision. The matter under dispute concerns violations for which the karet penalty applies if they were committed deliberately. Such a judge or elder is known as זקן ממרא, “a rebellious Elder.” He becomes guilty of the death penalty by asphyxiation.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah

V. 12. והאיש, spricht von dem Gesetzeslehrer, der (V. 8) veranlasst war, einen zwischen ihm und seinen Kollegen streitig gebliebenen Fall der Entscheidung des ב׳׳ד הגדול in der לשכת הגזית zu unterstellen. Wenn er die Entscheidung nicht adoptiert und fortfährt, nach seiner bisherigen Ansicht praktische Fälle dem vom ב׳׳ד הגדול erflossenen Urteil entgegen zu entscheiden, so hat er das Leben verwirkt, חזר לעירו שנה ולמד כדרך שהיה למד פטור ואם הורה לעשות חייב שנאמר והאיש אשר יעשה בזדון אינו חייב עד שיורה לעשות (Sanhedrin 86 b).
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Chizkuni

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Rav Hirsch on Torah

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