Hebrew Bible Study
Hebrew Bible Study

Commentary for Genesis 19:12

וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֶל־ל֗וֹט עֹ֚ד מִֽי־לְךָ֣ פֹ֔ה חָתָן֙ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ בָּעִ֑יר הוֹצֵ֖א מִן־הַמָּקֽוֹם׃

And the men said unto Lot: ‘Hast thou here any besides? son-in-law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whomsoever thou hast in the city; bring them out of the place;

Rashi on Genesis

עד מי לך פה WHOM HAST THOU YET HERE — The evident sense of the verse is: whom else have you in this city besides thy wife and daughters who are at home with you.
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Ramban on Genesis

SON-IN-LAW, AND THY SONS, AND THY DAUGHTERS. Rashi comments: “Whom else of your family have you in the city besides your wife and daughters who are at home with you? If you have additionally a son-in-law, or sons and daughters, take them out from this place.” Now if so, they [the angels] spoke in the manner of ordinary people for Lot had no sons, only daughters.
Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra explained: “Son-in-law, and thy sons — sons-in-law who are [as dear to you] as your sons.”
It is possible that Lot had grown sons who were married, and he spoke with his sons-in-law first as he thought that his own sons would listen to him [and leave the place]. But as his sons-in-law laughed at him and their conversation continued, dawn appeared, and the angels only permitted him to take those who were at hand. Thus the merit of Lot could have saved his sons and daughters and sons-in-law, not as Abraham had thought that He would make the righteous perish with the wicked.232Above, 18:25. It is clear that the angels were acquainted with the knowledge of the Most High on this matter since the city of Zoar was also saved by his prayer.233This is unlike the opinion of R’dak, who maintains that an angel who carries out a Divine mission also has the right to add or detract somewhat from the charge given to him. His proof is the fact that the angel here granted the sudden request of Lot to save the city of Zoar, (Verses 20-21). Ramban, however, is of the opinion that the angels were acquainted with the knowledge of the Most High and knew that He granted Lot’s request; they could thus assure Lot that the city of Zoar would be saved.
It is possible that [the salvation of Lot’s family was not on account of his merit but] was in honor of his hospitality for it is the ethical way of messengers to save their host and all that belong to him, just as the messengers of Joshua also saved all the families of their hostess.234Joshua 6:23. And in Bereshith Rabbah23550:21. it is said, “Because Lot honored the angel by offering him hospitality, he in turn befriended Lot.”236And granted his request to save Zoar.
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Rashbam on Genesis

?עוד מי לך פה, do you have any other relatives in the city apart from those in your house?
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Radak on Genesis

?ויאמרו...עוד מי לך פה, the same as asking “who else do you have here (in town)?”
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Tur HaArokh

עוד מי לך פה, חתן ובניך ובנותך, “who else belonging to your family is here; a son-in-law, your sons or your unmarried daughters?” According to Rashi, the word עוד means “apart from your wife who qualifies for being saved because she is part of you.” Although Lot did not have sons, only daughters, the angels asked in the manner ordinary people ask such a question, mentioning both sons and daughters. Ibn Ezra understands the word בנים as a question if Lot had sons-in-law who were as dear to him as sons would have been. Nachmanides presumes that it was quite likely that he had grown up sons who were married, however Lot spoke to his sons-in-law first as he was not sure they would heed his advice to flee. Concerning his sons, he was pretty sure they would heed him if he asked them to leave town immediately. When his sons-in-law laughed at him and time was being wasted in the meantime, dawn rose and there was no more time left, or he too would have been killed.
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Siftei Chakhamim

If you have a son-in-law or sons and daughters... “Who else do you have here” implies they did not know. Whereas “a son-inlaw, your sons, your daughters” implies they did know. Thus Rashi explains, “If you have...”
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Rav Hirsch on Torah

עוד מי לך פה: wen hast du sonst noch hier, außer den bei dir im Hause sich befindenden Gliedern, die wir bereits kennen. — חתן: Wie unsere Sprache in der Art und Weise, wie sie Mann und Frau, Vater und Mutter, Sohn und Tochter, Bruder und Schwester ausdrückt, den Begriff und die Bedeutung dieser nächsten Familienglieder veranschaulicht, so ist sie auch ungemein präzis in Bezeichnung der durch Anheiratung entstehenden verwandtschaftlichen Bande. Nichts dürfte so die Wahrheit bestätigen, dass der Gedanke Schöpfer unserer Sprache gewesen, als die auffallende Thatsache, dass sie den Begriff Schwiegereltern ganz verschieden wiedergibt, je nachdem er sich auf das Verhältnis zum Schwiegersohn, oder zur Schwiegertochter bezieht. In Beziehung zum Schwiegersohne heißen sie: חוֹתֵן ,חוֹתֶנֶת, so wie er ihnen gegenüber: חָתָן heißt; die Schwiegertochter aber ist: כלה, und ihre Schwiegereltern sind:חָמִיהָ וַחְַמוֹתָה. Die Schwiegertochter tritt weit inniger in das schwiegerelterliche Haus ein, als der Schwiegersohn. Mit ihrem Gatten geht sie in das Haus der Eltern desselben ein und auf, des Gatten Vater und Mutter werden ihre sie "mit umfangenden Mauern" und sie wird die "Vollenderin", die "Krone", der "Kranz", der zuletzt zu gewinnende Schmuck des Hauses. Der Schwiegersohn, der als Sohn nur das Haus seiner Eltern "aus- baut", ist mit seinen Schwiegereltern nur durch das freilich teuerste Band, ihre Tochter, verbunden. Diese Verbindung ist nicht das Aufgehen des einen in den andern, sondern das paritätisch neben- und miteinander verbindende Band, das somit in gleicher Weise Schwiegersohn und Schwiegereltern berührt, die daher zu einander durch dasselbe Ver hältnis verknüpft werden, das חתן ausdrückt, sie werden zu einander חוֹתֵן ,חָתָן und חוֹתֶנֶת eine Wurzel, die überhaupt die Verbindung der Häuser durch Heirat, die Ver, schwägerung ausdrückt. Ein Verhältnis, dass, wenn wir die Wurzel חתן in ihrer Lautverwandtschaft mit אטן, feinstes Gespinnst, und עדן Wonne, ja vielleicht wonnevolle Verbindung — התקשר מעדנות כימה (Job 38, 31) — betrachten, eine solche Verbindung ausdrückt, die auf die höchste gegenseitige Befriedigung hinweist, somit die innigste Harmonie der zusammentretenden Häuser in Lebensanschauungen und Bestrebungen voraussetzt.
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Rashi on Genesis

חתן ובניך ובנותיך SON-IN-LAW, THY SONS AND THY DAUGHTERS — If you have a son-in-law, sons or daughters take them out of this place.
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Radak on Genesis

ובניך, your grandchildren, the children of your daughters. Lot did not have any sons. If he would have had any they would have been in the house with him, whereas married daughters would not. Or, he would have spoken to his sons also, just as he went out and spoke to his sons-in-law.
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Siftei Chakhamim

Your married daughter’s sons. You might ask: How does Rashi know this? Perhaps they were his sons and not his grandsons! The answer is: Since it is written “son-in-law” first, followed by “your sons, your daughters,” it implies that “your sons, your daughters” refers back to “son-inlaw,” i.e., the married daughter’s sons.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah

Tief bezeichnend ist es aber, dass unsere Sprache zur eigentlichen Bezeichnung des Verhältnisses von Braut und Bräutigam zu einander kein Wort hat. Sie kennt nur Mann und Weib, und, während ihr von der anderen Seite das Verhältnis der Braut und des Bräutigams zu einander das höchste und innigste ist, man denke nur an das ומשוש חתן על כלה. usw. (Jes. 62, 5), hat sie doch zur Bezeichnung dieses Verhältnisses nur wiederum die Ausdrücke חתן und כלה, und sieht somit den tiefen Grund dieser innigsten und heißesten Zuneigung in dem wurzelnd, nicht was sie einander, sondern was sie den gegenseitigen Eltern sind und bleiben. Der jüdische Bräutigam liebt seine Braut darum erst so innig, weil er in ihr seinem elterlichen Hause die würdige, geliebte Tochter, den "Kranz" des elterlichen Hauses zuführt. Die jüdische Braut liebt ihren Bräutigam darum erst so innig, weil sie in ihm den Geist ihres elterlichen Hauses und die Befriedigung kennt, die die Eltern an seiner Lebensanschauung und seinen Bestrebungen finden. So sind es die Eltern, ist es die harmonische Übereinstimmung der beiderseitigen Häuser, auf welcher der Diamantboden der Verbindung ihrer Kinder beruht, und die ihnen Bürge ist, dass sie sich ineinander wiederfinden. Wir werden sehen, wie sich diese Verhältnisse in einem Lande wie Sodom, in dem Hause eines Lot gestalten. Die Engel nennen Schwiegersöhne, Söhne und Töchter, als die, außer den im Hause Befindlichen, dem Lot "noch in der Stadt" Angehörigen, sie begreifen somit wohl Schwiegertöchter mit unter die Töchter.
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Rashi on Genesis

ובניך THY SONS means the sons of your married daughters. The Midrashic explanation of עוד YET is: since they have perpetrated so disgraceful an act, can you yet be so bold (more literally, “can you yet open your mouth”) to speak in defence of them? — for the whole night through he had been talking in favor of them. To obtain this explanation you must read: עוד מי לך פֶּה Have you yet a mouth! (instead of פֹּה here) (Genesis Rabbah 50:5).
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Radak on Genesis

וכל אשר לך בעיר, .and any livestock and chattels you may have in this town.
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Siftei Chakhamim

He was justifying them. Although Rashi explained (v. 4) that Lot said the majority of them are wicked, at first he told the angels so, but when he saw they wished to destroy the city, he justified the people. (Maharshal)
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Radak on Genesis

הוצא מן המקום, do not only remove it from this town but from the entire region.
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