Hebrew Bible Study
Hebrew Bible Study

Commentary for Numbers 5:27

וְהִשְׁקָ֣הּ אֶת־הַמַּ֗יִם וְהָיְתָ֣ה אִֽם־נִטְמְאָה֮ וַתִּמְעֹ֣ל מַ֣עַל בְּאִישָׁהּ֒ וּבָ֨אוּ בָ֜הּ הַמַּ֤יִם הַמְאָֽרֲרִים֙ לְמָרִ֔ים וְצָבְתָ֣ה בִטְנָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה יְרֵכָ֑הּ וְהָיְתָ֧ה הָאִשָּׁ֛ה לְאָלָ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃

And when he hath made her drink the water, then it shall come to pass, if she be defiled, and have acted unfaithfully against her husband, that the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her and become bitter, and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall fall away; and the woman shall be a curse among her people.

Rashi on Numbers

והשקה את המים AND HE SHALL MAKE HER DRINK THE WATER — This statement made after Scripture has just said (v. 26) “and afterwards he shall make the woman drink the waters” (see Siphre) is intended to include the case that if she says, “I will not drink” after the scroll on which the Holy Name was written had been blotted out, they pour it into her and make her drink the water against her will — except if she adds: “I have been defiled” [when, of course, no further test is necessary] (Sotah 19b).
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Siftei Chakhamim

I will not drink. Meaning that if she said “I will be divorced from him without collecting a kesubah, but I will not drink” then we do not listen to her, since the Holy Name has been erased. [We only do not give her to drink if] she says “I am defiled.” However before the Holy Name is erased, if she says “I will not drink, and I will be divorced without collecting a kesubah” then we listen to her and do not make her drink, even though she does not admit to being defiled.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah

V. 27. והשקה. Diese nochmalige Wiederholung bestimmt nach Sota 19 b, dass wenn einmal die mit dem Gottesnamen geschriebene Sotaschrift im Wasser abgelöscht worden, man sie zum Trinken nötigt, wenn sie sich nicht als schuldig erklärt. Bis zum Ablöschen der Schrift stand das Trinken völlig in ihrem freien Willen. Sie brauchte nicht eben ihre Schuld zu gestehen, sie durfte bei der Behauptung ihrer Unschuld beharren. Erklärte sie, nicht trinken zu wollen, so wird die Prozedur nicht weiter fortgesetzt. Ihre Schuld bleibt zweifelhaft und hat die Auflösung der Ehe zur Folge (siehe V. 13). Ist aber das Ablöschen der Schrift vollzogen, so hat sie nur die Alternative: sich für schuldig zu erklären, oder im Bewusstsein ihrer Unschuld den Sotatrank zu trinken (Sota 20 a).
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Rashi on Numbers

וצבתה בטנה AND HER BELLY SHALL SWELL, [AND HER THIGH SHALL WASTE] — Although when uttering the curse (v. 21) he (the priest) mentioned the thigh first, for the reason given by Rashi in his comment there, the water tested her (i.e., affected her) only according to the manner it passed into her body (i.e., it affected the belly first since it first entered that part of her body and then the thigh) (Sotah 9b).
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Siftei Chakhamim

We coerce. Rashi explains in Perek Hayah Notel (Sotah 19b) that they would open her mouth against her will and pour the water down her gullet. The Aruch explains that this is an elongation of the root ער having the connotation of intoxication.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah

ובאו בה המים המאררים למרים, es kommen in sie die den Fluch ausdrückenden Wasser als bittere, oder: und bewähren sich als bittere. Die Wahrheiten, die sie als ausdrücken, sind ihr in Wahrheit nur bitter und עפר מקרקע המשכן und מים קדושים bewähren sich durch die Verwirklichung des in sie durch Ablöschung übergegangenen Fluches nur dann, wenn sie 'נטמאה וגו, wenn sie ihre Reinheit verloren und daher in Widerspruch zu der vom Inhalte dieser Wahrheiten postulierten Sittenheiligkeit steht. Sind die Wasser nach ihrem Inhalte ihr homogen, also "nicht bitter", so haben sie auch keine bitteren Folgen, ihre Folgen sind vielmehr segensreich für die geschlechtliche Zukunft der Frau, wie sogleich der folgende Vers verkündet.
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Chizkuni

ונפלה ירכה, “and her womb will fall;” it will no longer be able to fulfill the functions for which it had been designed. The punishment matches the crime.
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Rashi on Numbers

והיתה האשה לאלה AND THE WOMAN SHALL BE AN EXECRATION — This means, as I have already explained (v. 21), that everyone shall curse by mention of her name.
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Siftei Chakhamim

Tested her. Even though in the curse itself the Torah writes “to swell the abdomen and collapse the thigh” (v. 22) with the stomach first and then the thigh, this does not refer to the abdomen and the thigh of the sotah, rather to the abdomen and the thigh of the adulterer.
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Rashi on Numbers

בקרב עמה [AND THE WOMAN SHALL BE AN EXECRATION] AMONG HER PEOPLE — This is stressed: "among her people” — because there is a difference between a person who is brought to disgrace in a place where he is well known and a person who is brought to disgrace in a place where he is unknown.
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Siftei Chakhamim

Use her as a curse. Even though Rashi explained previously that “everyone will swear through you” and “will curse through you” (v. 21), here it is not possible to explain so, because if this were so why would it have been necessary [for the Torah to repeat it]?
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Siftei Chakhamim

Among those who know her. Because it is a greater embarrassment for her.
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