Hebrew Bible Study
Hebrew Bible Study

Commentary for Numbers 30:5

וְשָׁמַ֨ע אָבִ֜יהָ אֶת־נִדְרָ֗הּ וֶֽאֱסָרָהּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽסְרָ֣ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֔הּ וְהֶחֱרִ֥ישׁ לָ֖הּ אָבִ֑יהָ וְקָ֙מוּ֙ כָּל־נְדָרֶ֔יהָ וְכָל־אִסָּ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָקֽוּם׃

and her father heareth her vow, or her bond wherewith she hath bound her soul, and her father holdeth his peace at her, then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she hath bound her soul shall stand.

Or HaChaim on Numbers

ושמע אביה את נדרה..וקמו כל נדריה, and her father hears about her vow;….all her vows shall stand." We need to understand why the verse first speaks about "her vow" in the singular and then continues to speak about "her vows" in the plural. Besides, why did the Torah add the word: "all" both times. It would have sufficed to write: "her vows and oaths will stand," without adding the word "all" each time. Furthermore, why does the Torah use a different future tense when speaking about her vows, i.e. וקמו, whereas when speaking about an oath the woman uttered, it uses the word יקום to indicate that "it will stand?" The word יקום was altogether superfluous as the word וקמו which appeared earlier in the same verse would have referred to both vow and oath.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah

VV. 5 u. 6. ואם הניא וגו׳ ושמע וגו׳. An dem Tage, an welchem der Vater von der Gelobung einer seiner Obhut noch unterstehenden Tochter Kunde erhält, kann er durch Einsprache, הפרה, den Fortbestand des Gelübdes aufheben. Lässt er aber den Tag schweigend vorübergehen, so ist eine spätere Einsprache unwirksam, und zwar gilt hierfür nur die Dauer des natürlichen mit Sonnenuntergang zu Ende gehenden Tages (Nedarim 76b). — הניא von נוא der Wurzel von נא (siehe Schmot 12, 9), ist die spezifische Bezeichnung für הפרה, für die Wirkung der Einsprache des Vaters und des Mannes. Es ist dies הניא eine Unterbrechung, eine Hinderung des Fortbestandes — מיגז גיין — zum Unterschiede der התרה des חכם, welche den ganzen Bestand des Gelübdes von Anfang an aufhebt, עוקר נדר מעיקרו (Nasir 21b und 22a).
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Chizkuni

ושמע אביה, “and her father has heard about it (the vow).” The Torah speaks only about when the father has heard about his daughter’s vow from her directly. What is the legal status if he heard about her vow only from others? This is why the Torah continues that “all her vows remain in force.” Even if he heard about it only indirectly, he can use his authority to annul it within 24 hours.
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