Midrash for Exodus 19:11

1) (Vayikra 9:1) ("And it was on the eighth day that Moses called to Aaron and to his sons and to the elders of Israel"): This is one of the verses that needs expounding: It is written here: "And it was on the eighth day," and elsewhere (Shemoth 19:16): "and it was on the third day." We do not know whether (this refers to) the third day of the month (Sivan) or the third day of the number (of days of separation, viz. Shemoth 19:15). Its being written (Shemoth 19:11): "… for on the third day the L–rd will go down before the eyes of all the people on Mount Sinai" and then "And it was on the third day, when it was morning etc." tells us that it is the third day of the number, and not of the month, that is being referred to. Here, too, it is written: And it was on the eighth day," and we do not know whether it is the eighth day of the number (of days of miluim [i.e., the first of Nissan]) or the eighth day of the month (of Nissan). Its being written (Vayikra 8:33): "For seven days shall He invest your hands" tells us that it is the eighth day of the number and not the eighth day of the month. That day (the first of Nissan) took ten crowns: It was first for creation of the universe; first for the (sacrificial service of the) nesi'im (the chiefs of the tribes); first for the (sacrificial service of the) Cohanim, (that service having previously been performed by the first-born, and, on the seven days of miluim, by Moses); first for the (sacrificial) service (of the daily offerings [temidim] and all of the communal offerings); first for the descent of fire (upon the altar from Heaven); first for shechitah in the north (of the altar); first for the prohibition of bamoth (temporary altars); first for roshei chodoshim (the beginnings of months); first for the reposing of the shechinah in Israel; first for the (priestly) blessing of Israel.

In the third month (Exod. 19:11). May it please our master to instruct us: May one cure a pain in his mouth on the Sabbath? Thus do our masters teach us: One who has a pain in his mouth may take medicine for it on the Sabbath because his soul is endangered, and whenever the soul is endangered the Sabbath is set aside. The law states: One may profane a Sabbath in order to observe many Sabbaths.¹¹Saving a life takes precedence over the Sabbath so that other Sabbaths might be observed. See Yoma 85b, Shabbat 151b and section 16, below. Whence do we know this? R. Eliezer said: This may be logically deduced from the fact that if circumcision, which concerns only one of man’s limbs, sets aside the Sabbath, then surely it is right that a serious illness, which threatens a man’s entire body, should set aside the Sabbath. R. Johanan stated: Every ailment of the lip and the inside of the mouth sets aside the Sabbath and may be healed on the Sabbath.

(Exod. 19:1:) ON THE THIRD NEW MOON. The Torah is threefold, its letters are threefold, the fathers are threefold, the tribe into whose hand it was given is threefold,²⁴“Levi” has three letters in Hebrew. Moses was {threefold from between them} [a third person between them], the letters of his <name> are threefold, <he was one of> three siblings, he was hidden for three moons, (according to Exod. 19:11) <it was> ON THE THIRD DAY <that the Holy One came down on Sinai >, and (here in Exod. 19:1:) ON THE THIRD NEW MOON <Israel arrived at Sinai>.²⁵Tanh., Exod. 5:10; PRK 12:13. The Torah (in the sense of Scripture) is threefold: Torah, Prophets, and Writings. Its letters are threefold: ABC. The fathers are threefold: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Moses (MShH) was a third person <as a mediator> between them (in Deut. 5:5): I STOOD BETWEEN THE LORD AND YOU.²⁶Cf. Galatians 3:19–20. The letters <of his name> are threefold: M, Sh, <and> H. <He comes> from the third tribe: Reuben, Simeon, and Levi. <He was one of> three siblings: Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. He was hidden for three <moons> (according to Exod. 2:2): AND SHE HID HIM FOR THREE MOONS. (Exod. 19:11:) FOR ON THE THIRD DAY THE LORD WILL COME DOWN … <UPON MOUNT SINAI>, [even on the third new moon, as stated (in Exod. 19:1): ON THE THIRD NEW MOON.]