Hebrew Bible Study
Hebrew Bible Study

Tosefta for Numbers 18:7

וְאַתָּ֣ה וּבָנֶ֣יךָ אִ֠תְּךָ תִּשְׁמְר֨וּ אֶת־כְּהֻנַּתְכֶ֜ם לְכָל־דְּבַ֧ר הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ וּלְמִבֵּ֥ית לַפָּרֹ֖כֶת וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֑ם עֲבֹדַ֣ת מַתָּנָ֗ה אֶתֵּן֙ אֶת־כְּהֻנַּתְכֶ֔ם וְהַזָּ֥ר הַקָּרֵ֖ב יוּמָֽת׃ (ס)

And thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priesthood in everything that pertaineth to the altar, and to that within the veil; and ye shall serve; I give you the priesthood as a service of gift; and the common man that draweth nigh shall be put to death.’

Tosefta Chagigah

Said Rabbi Nechemiah, why is everyone trusted as to [the purity of the articles involved in] the purification rite [involving the red heifer] and as to consecrated food ("נאמנין על בהחטאת ועל הקדש", see Lieberman), but not everyone is trusted as to Terumah? So that people will not say, "Behold, I am building an altar for myself," or "Behold, I am burning a red heifer for myself," as it is said (Num. 18:7), "And you (=Aaron) and your sons with you shall safeguard your priesthood in every matter [regarding] the Altar..." (See Chag. 22a:15.) One might say that [the word "safeguard" includes] even [Terumah,] Terumat Ma'aser (the priestly portion taken from a Levite's tithes) and Challah (the portion of dough set aside for the Kohen), [and thus] the Torah comes to teach "... and to [that which is] within the Curtain." What is special about that which is "within the Curtain" is that it is not familiar to [the non-priestly class of] Israelites [who are forbidden from entering the area beyond the Curtain], which thus excludes Terumah and Terumat Ma'aser and Challah, with which Israelites are familiar. Rabbi Yehuda says, behold, it says [in regards to the red heifer] (Num. 19:9), "and it shall be for the congregation of the Children of Israel to safeguard it as the waters of purification...", such that everyone should be trusted as to safeguarding it. [If there is] a doubt as to the status of an am ha'aretz as regards to [the impurity of] treading or movement [of a zav (see Niddah 43a:3)], [they are deemed] pure as to matters of chullin and impure as to matters of Terumah.
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