Pensamiento judío sobre Eclesiastés 1:8

Since the construction of the tabernacle is viewed by our sages as a microcosm incorporating all the creative endeavours employed in creation, the offerings of the princes fittingly represent and testify to the Creator and His hashgachah, supervision of our personal fates, ever since the days of creation. The collective total of these offerings,- and this was possible only if all the princes offered identical offerings-, represented the twelve horoscopes, six opposite the other six. (6 covered wagons and 6 covered wagons, chapter seven verse 3) The silver bowl in its globular shape represented the earth, the whitish colour of silver suggesting the moon. The twelve oxen, which with the wagons would transport the tabernacle, would ensure the continuity of the Divine Presence here on earth, just as the signs of the zodiac are the instruments of ongoing existence of our universe. The fact that although the sacrifice of Nachshon ben Aminadav was the first one of the princes, his is the only one described as "and this was his offering," indicates how closely connected all the twelve offerings were, though each prince brought his own offering independent of any outside instructions. The mizrak kessef, silver bowl, although not much more than half the weight of the silver dish ka-arat kessef, represents man, the relatively puny creature, who was "thrown into the universe" once he had been equipped with his soul, according to the idiom of our sages. (Sanhedrin 38) The word kessef in this connection means the "constant striving" needed by man to achieve his goal here on earth. (as in Genesis 31.30 et al.) The seventy shekel of its weight symbolises man's average lifespan. This number also equals the numerical value of the letter ay in, which is the organ man does most of his striving and desiring with. It is worth the least of the silver and gold vessels offered, reminding us of the relatively inconsequential value of all earthly possessions coveted by our eyes. "Both full of fine flour etc," both the earth whose purpose is to be filled with the glory of the Creator, and man of whom it is written "I will fill him with Divine spirit," are the solet, fine flour referred to in this offering. (Exodus 35,31, "I will fill him with the spirit of the Lord") "Each spoon ten shekel worth of gold, filled with incense," refers to the nachat ruach, Divine spirit come to rest, bestowed upon this earth, namely the soul descended through the ten layers of purely spiritual worlds. (the ten sefirot, as described in the Midrash on Shir Hashirim) "One young bullock." The number 1 symbolises the unique force within the body of man called intellect, which is the most respected of human attributes, just as the bull is the most honoured of all the animals that are suitable as sacrifices on the altar. Ben bakar from the root "to criticise," discern, capable of discernment. It is the task of man to distinguish between good and bad, truth and faslehood. Ayil echad, recalls the forces set in motion through action, through deeds, eyl means constructively powerful. Kevess echad, represents simply the life force, just as at life's beginning man is concerned only with the acquisition of survival techniques such as food and drink. Afterwards he concerns himself with more sophisticated tasks. Then the se-ir izzim, the he-goat begins to play a role. The yetzer hara symbolized by the he-goat, the force responsible for sin in man, even though an integral part of man himself, usually appears as a separate entity. U-lezevach hashlamim, bakar shenayim, for the peace offering two oxen, though bakar represents intellect, a unique phenomenon, the practical manifestation of intellect is observed both in theoretical and practical reason. Therefore, we need bakar shenayim, two of them. The five eylim and five atudim represent the five respective attributes of theoretical and practical reason, by means of which perception takes place. The latter five, the "senses" are quasi automatic functions that continue uninterruptedly unless disturbed by outside forces. Since all the above symbolise what is necessary in order to achieve man's ultimate purpose and perfection, the sacrifice is named that of Nachshon, whose entire purpose in life had been to achieve kirvat hashem, proximity to G'd who had created him and helped imbue him with striving.