וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּיַּבָּשָׁה֙ עָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הַזֶּֽה׃
Declararéis á vuestros hijos, diciendo: Israel pasó en seco por este Jordán.
Shir HaShirim Rabbah
Rabbi Huna interpreted the verse regarding the Jordan. “Your hair is like a flock of goats” (Song of Songs 4:1) – the flocks that crossed the Jordan crossed only due to the merit of Jacob our patriarch. That is what is written: “You shall inform your children, saying: Israel crossed [this Jordan] on dry land” (Joshua 4:22). Rabbi Huna said: Israel the patriarch.35The fact that the verse mentions Israel instead of the more common term for the nation, “children of Israel,” is meant to hint to the fact that they crossed in the merit of Israel, i.e., Jacob. Rabbi Yudan [said] in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: We find in three places, in the Torah, in the Prophets, and in the Writings, that Israel crossed the Jordan due only to the merit of Jacob our patriarch. In the Torah: “For with my staff I crossed this Jordan” (Genesis 32:11); in the Prophets: “You shall inform your children, saying: Israel crossed this Jordan on dry land” (Joshua 4:22) – Israel the patriarch; in the Writings: “What is it, sea, that makes you flee? The Jordan, [that you turn back?]” (Psalms 114:5). [It retreats] “from before the God of Jacob” (Psalms 114:7).
“That streams down [shegaleshu] from Mount Gilad” (Song of Songs 4:1) – the mountain from whose midst you took away [shegelashten], I rendered it a memorial for the nations of the world. Which is this? This is the Jordan. What is it that you took away from its midst? “Your teeth are like a flock of ordered ewes” (Song of Songs 4:2) – the plunder of Siḥon and Og.36The midrash understands the reference to ordered ewes as referring to the rows of soldiers who fought against Siḥon and Og (Etz Yosef). This occurred before the Israelites crossed the Jordan.
“That have come up from bathing” (Song of Songs 4:2) – Rabbi Elazar said: The land of Canaan was conquered with sixty thousand.37Commentaries struggle to explain how this is derived from the phrase of the verse cited here. Some suggest that the text should read “like a flock of ordered ewes” (Song of Songs 4:2). Rabbi Elazar then states that if this is an allusion to the army that conquered Canaan, they must have been sixty thousand, because if there were more they would not have been “ordered” and organized (Yefei Kol). This is the opinion of Rabbi Elazar, as Rabbi Elazar said: Every war that involves more than sixty thousand is a war of pandemonium. Rabbi Yehuda said in the name of Ḥizkiya: Wherever it states about ten, about twenty, about thirty, about forty, it is saying either more or less. There it is stated: “About forty thousand, the vanguard of the army” (Joshua 4:13), and here it is stated: “Forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty” (I Chronicles 5:18). Rabbi Aḥa said: They were complete thousands, and the rest perished on the way.38Forty-five thousand soldiers actually went out to battle, but forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty returned. The verse in Joshua refers to this number as forty thousand. Those fifteen thousand, where are they?39The total number that went out to battle was forty-five thousand, whereas Rabbi Elazar said they would go out with sixty thousand. [Rabbi Elazar] said to them: They were guards of the equipment, and the verse did not include them in the tally. “That are all paired [matimot]” (Song of Songs 4:2) – as they were in the middle [metuamim] between the vanguard and the rearguard. That is what is written: “And the vanguard goes […and the rearguard goes]” (Joshua 6:9). “And there is none missing among them” (Song of Songs 4:2) – that not one of them was harmed.
“Your lips are like a scarlet thread” (Song of Songs 4:3) – when they said to Joshua: “Everything that you commanded us we will perform…” (Joshua 1:16). “Your speech is lovely” (Song of Songs 4:3) – as they said to him: “Anyone who will defy your word…will die” (Joshua 1:18). At that moment, Joshua began praising them: “Your temple [rakatekh] is like a pomegranate slice” (Song of Songs 4:3) – even the empty [hareikan] among you is packed with Torahs like this pomegranate. It goes without saying: “Behind your braid [letzamatekh]” (Song of Songs 4:3) – regarding the modest and the fervent [metzumatin] among you.
“Your neck is like the tower of [kemigdal] David” – how did David elevate [gidel] you in his book: “Who smote great kings” (Psalms 136:17)! “Built magnificently [letalpiyot]” – a book that was stated by many mouths [piyot].
“One thousand bucklers” – all those thousands and tens of thousands who crossed the Jordan and I defended them. I defended them only because of the merit of the one who came after one thousand generations.40Moses You relied not only upon him, but rather, “all the shields of the mighty” – anyone who arises and controls and overcomes his inclination, like Moses in his time, David in his time, Ezra in his time; their entire generation depends upon them. Due to whom did Israel cross the Jordan? It was due to “your two breasts” (Song of Songs 4:5) – these are Joshua and Elazar.
“That streams down [shegaleshu] from Mount Gilad” (Song of Songs 4:1) – the mountain from whose midst you took away [shegelashten], I rendered it a memorial for the nations of the world. Which is this? This is the Jordan. What is it that you took away from its midst? “Your teeth are like a flock of ordered ewes” (Song of Songs 4:2) – the plunder of Siḥon and Og.36The midrash understands the reference to ordered ewes as referring to the rows of soldiers who fought against Siḥon and Og (Etz Yosef). This occurred before the Israelites crossed the Jordan.
“That have come up from bathing” (Song of Songs 4:2) – Rabbi Elazar said: The land of Canaan was conquered with sixty thousand.37Commentaries struggle to explain how this is derived from the phrase of the verse cited here. Some suggest that the text should read “like a flock of ordered ewes” (Song of Songs 4:2). Rabbi Elazar then states that if this is an allusion to the army that conquered Canaan, they must have been sixty thousand, because if there were more they would not have been “ordered” and organized (Yefei Kol). This is the opinion of Rabbi Elazar, as Rabbi Elazar said: Every war that involves more than sixty thousand is a war of pandemonium. Rabbi Yehuda said in the name of Ḥizkiya: Wherever it states about ten, about twenty, about thirty, about forty, it is saying either more or less. There it is stated: “About forty thousand, the vanguard of the army” (Joshua 4:13), and here it is stated: “Forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty” (I Chronicles 5:18). Rabbi Aḥa said: They were complete thousands, and the rest perished on the way.38Forty-five thousand soldiers actually went out to battle, but forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty returned. The verse in Joshua refers to this number as forty thousand. Those fifteen thousand, where are they?39The total number that went out to battle was forty-five thousand, whereas Rabbi Elazar said they would go out with sixty thousand. [Rabbi Elazar] said to them: They were guards of the equipment, and the verse did not include them in the tally. “That are all paired [matimot]” (Song of Songs 4:2) – as they were in the middle [metuamim] between the vanguard and the rearguard. That is what is written: “And the vanguard goes […and the rearguard goes]” (Joshua 6:9). “And there is none missing among them” (Song of Songs 4:2) – that not one of them was harmed.
“Your lips are like a scarlet thread” (Song of Songs 4:3) – when they said to Joshua: “Everything that you commanded us we will perform…” (Joshua 1:16). “Your speech is lovely” (Song of Songs 4:3) – as they said to him: “Anyone who will defy your word…will die” (Joshua 1:18). At that moment, Joshua began praising them: “Your temple [rakatekh] is like a pomegranate slice” (Song of Songs 4:3) – even the empty [hareikan] among you is packed with Torahs like this pomegranate. It goes without saying: “Behind your braid [letzamatekh]” (Song of Songs 4:3) – regarding the modest and the fervent [metzumatin] among you.
“Your neck is like the tower of [kemigdal] David” – how did David elevate [gidel] you in his book: “Who smote great kings” (Psalms 136:17)! “Built magnificently [letalpiyot]” – a book that was stated by many mouths [piyot].
“One thousand bucklers” – all those thousands and tens of thousands who crossed the Jordan and I defended them. I defended them only because of the merit of the one who came after one thousand generations.40Moses You relied not only upon him, but rather, “all the shields of the mighty” – anyone who arises and controls and overcomes his inclination, like Moses in his time, David in his time, Ezra in his time; their entire generation depends upon them. Due to whom did Israel cross the Jordan? It was due to “your two breasts” (Song of Songs 4:5) – these are Joshua and Elazar.
Aggadat Bereshit
[2] Another thing about: "I will express the anger of the Lord." As it is written, "for I was ashamed to ask the king for soldiers and horsemen" (Ezra 8:22). The nations of the world said to Israel, "You say, 'I will be angry with the Lord,' but it is written, 'Who can withstand his indignation? Who can endure his fierce anger? His wrath is poured out like fire; the rocks are shattered before him'" (Nahum 1:6). Who can withstand His anger? No one can withstand His messengers, but you can withstand His anger. The sea was His messenger, yet generations of people stood against it, as it is written, "You who made the sea and its waves roar" (Amos 5:8). The flood was His messenger, but it did not prevail against the generation of the flood, as it is written, "He wiped out all living things" (Genesis 7:23). Fire and brimstone were His messengers, but they did not prevail against the people of Sodom, as it is written, "The Lord caused sulfur and fire to rain down" (Genesis 19:24). The locust was His messenger, but Pharaoh could not withstand it, as it is written, "The locusts came up" (Exodus 10:14). The stars were His messengers, but Sisera could not withstand them, as it is written, "The stars fought from heaven" (Judges 5:20). The angel was His messenger, but Sennacherib could not withstand him, as it is written, "And the angel of the Lord went out" (2 Kings 19:35).If no one can withstand His messengers and yet you can withstand His anger, why do you say, "I will carry the Lord's anger"? The Israelites said to themselves, "Why can't we withstand His anger when our messengers have prevailed against His?" But the answer is, the sea was the Lord's messenger, and yet it split for Moses and the Israelites to cross on dry land, as it is written, "The Israelites went on dry ground" (Exodus 14:29).And so the sea saw and fled (Psalms 114:3), the Jordan did not dry up for Joshua, as it is written "When all the nation had finished crossing the Jordan, the Lord said to Joshua, 'Choose twelve men from among the people, one from each tribe, and tell them to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan, from right where the priests are standing, and carry them over with you and put them down at the place where you stay tonight'" (Joshua 4:1-3). The angel sent to Jacob could not defeat him, as it is said "He struggled with the angel and overcame him" (Hosea 12:4). The sun and moon did not stand still for Joshua, as it is written "So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, till the nation avenged itself on its enemies, as it is written in the Book of Jashar. The sun stopped in the middle of the sky and delayed going down about a full day" (Joshua 10:13). The angel sent to Aaron did not stop him, as it is said "He stood between the living and the dead" (Numbers 17:13), just as our messengers have triumphed over his messenger. Similarly, Phinehas subdued his anger, as it is said "Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, the priest, has turned my anger away" (Numbers 25:11). Therefore, it is said "I will carry the Lord's wrath" (Psalms 77:10). And why can we withstand his anger? Because it comes upon us with mercy, as it is said "I will carry the Lord's wrath" and it is written "The Lord, the compassionate and gracious God" (Exodus 34:6). The sea did not stand up to His rebuke, as it is said "He rebukes the sea and dries it up" (Nahum 1:4), and likewise in the days of Jonah, the sea was angry but stood still, as it is said "The sea was calmed and quiet" (Jonah 1:15). But as for me, because he comes upon me with mercy, I can accept His anger, and therefore it is said "I will carry the Lord's wrath".
Bereshit Rabbah
“I am unworthy of all the kindnesses and of all the truth that You have performed for Your servant, for with my staff I crossed this Jordan, and now I have become two camps” (Genesis 32:11).
“I am unworthy of all the kindnesses” – Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: I am “unworthy.” Rabbi Levi said: ‘I am worthy, but [I have become] “unworthy” due to [“all the kindnesses.”]’
“For with my staff I crossed this Jordan” – Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said, in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: In the Torah, in the Prophets, and in the Writings, we have found that Israel crossed the Jordan only due to the merit of Jacob. In the Torah – “for with my staff I crossed this Jordan.” In the Prophets – “You shall inform your children, saying: Israel crossed this Jordan on dry land” (Joshua 4:22) – Israel the elder. In the Writings – “What is it, sea, that makes you flee? The Jordan, that you turn back?…from before the God of Jacob” (Psalms 114:5, 7).
There is a place called Jordan in the hot springs of Tiberias. Our patriarch Jacob entered there, panic-stricken, and Esau shut him in there. The Holy One blessed be He dug an opening in another place and he emerged. That is what is written: “When you pass through the water, I am with you, and through the rivers, they will not inundate you” (Isaiah 43:2).
“I am unworthy of all the kindnesses” – Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: I am “unworthy.” Rabbi Levi said: ‘I am worthy, but [I have become] “unworthy” due to [“all the kindnesses.”]’
“For with my staff I crossed this Jordan” – Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said, in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: In the Torah, in the Prophets, and in the Writings, we have found that Israel crossed the Jordan only due to the merit of Jacob. In the Torah – “for with my staff I crossed this Jordan.” In the Prophets – “You shall inform your children, saying: Israel crossed this Jordan on dry land” (Joshua 4:22) – Israel the elder. In the Writings – “What is it, sea, that makes you flee? The Jordan, that you turn back?…from before the God of Jacob” (Psalms 114:5, 7).
There is a place called Jordan in the hot springs of Tiberias. Our patriarch Jacob entered there, panic-stricken, and Esau shut him in there. The Holy One blessed be He dug an opening in another place and he emerged. That is what is written: “When you pass through the water, I am with you, and through the rivers, they will not inundate you” (Isaiah 43:2).