Comentario citado sobre Deuteronómio 10:15

A continuation of the analysis of Exodus 13:8-9. Rabbi Horowitz turns reasoning on its head. The reason for the Passover is not the Exodus; the reason for the Exodus was to have a story for future generations to tell on Passover. God made the Exodus from Egypt more dramatic so that we would have a story to tell in times to come.
One might think that the obligation to discuss the Exodus begins on the first day of Nissan: - The Haggadah deduces the lesson that the Seder should be recited only on Passover from two expressions in Exodus 13:8: “On that day,” (on that day but not on Rosh Hodesh) and “It is because of this,” (it is recited only when “this,” matzah and maror is before you.) But why is it necessary to deduce the exclusion of Rosh Hodesh from the words, “On that day?” This would seem to be obvious since “because of this,” also implies that one may recite the Seder only at that time when matzah and maror are on the table - on the eve of the fifteenth day of Nisan. The second expression could have cut right to the essence of the argument: Can one recite the Seder at any time on Passover? No – it must be done when you can say “It is because of this” – the matzah and maror– that God took me out of Egypt. Therefore, it can only be done on the eve of the 15th day of Nisan.
It is not obvious what the verse means when it says, “It is because of this”. The passage being quoted from Exodus 13:7-9 only applies to the matzah and not eating hametz during the seven days; it does not mention the Passover offering or the telling of the Exodus story. We are only able to conclude that Exodus 13:9 applies to Seder night through deductive reasoning from Exodus 12:8: “You shall eat the flesh roasted on this night.”²⁰Exodus 12:8 the word used for deductive reasoning is a gezerah shavah which is a rule of interpretation by which sages connected two verses because both use a similar word or phrase. In this case both Exodus 13:9 and Exodus 12:8 use the word zeh, this. The gezerah shavah is one of the hermeneutic rules in Rabbi Yishmael’s list which appears at the beginning of the daily service One could make similar deductive connection from the phrase in Exodus 12:1: “This month shall be the beginning of months to you,²¹Exodus 12:1; The verse also contains the word zeh.” from which the rabbis concluded that Nisan marks the beginning of the Passover season. Therefore, in our passage, we make a point of saying that Rosh Hodesh is not the day on which we begin the actual celebration of Passover; rather we do so “On that day,” at the eve of Passover.
We can then conclude that the expression “It is because of this which the Lord did for me,” applies to the recitation of the Exodus story. Elsewhere we are told, “For I have hardened his heart…that I might show you these signs which I have done among them, and that you may tell your child and your child’s child what I have done in Egypt, and My signs I have performed among them; that you may know that I am Adonai.”²²Exodus 10:1-2 God did not need to perform so many signs and wonders in Egypt; God could have simply taken us out of Egypt in a single moment. All the signs and wonders and the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart served to create a good story to tell on Passover night for generations to come! That is why we say, “It is because of this which the Lord did for me.” The text does not say, “It is because of this God took us out of Egypt;” rather it says “It is because of this that God did for me...” The emphasis is on the signs and wonders and not the Exodus itself. It was for the sake of the future telling of the story that God did all this for me; not simply to take me out of Egypt but to create a story that future generations would tell.
We find other examples in the Bible of people who merited redemption because of generations to come. For instance, we learn in the Midrash²³This Midrash is based on the name of Abraham’s ancestral home town – Ur Kasdim – which is interpreted to mean the furnish of the Chaldeans. that Abraham was saved from the fiery furnace because of the merit of Jacob whose soul he carried in his soul. The binding of Isaac was a greater test for Abraham than it was for Isaac because after the birth of Isaac, the soul of Jacob protected Isaac and no longer needed to protect Abraham. Similarly, the people who left Egypt did not have good deeds and Torah to their credit but were redeemed because of future generations. The Zohar interprets the verse: “so that He chose you, their descendents, from among all peoples, as this present day;”²⁴Deuteronomy 10:15 to mean that God chose Israel due to the future merit of the generation of the Messiah. Similarly, it was for the merit of those who would tell the story of the Exodus that the people in the time of the Exodus merited redemption. This is the meaning of the verse: God redeemed Israel for my sake – that of future generations.

We find a similar idea in the Zohar-Tazria (page 13 Sullam edition) as to why the rite of circumcision cannot be performed before the eighth day, and why an animal is not fit to serve as a sacrifice until the eighth day of its life. In either case one has to wait until at least one Sabbath has passed so that each has attained a נפש, a soul full of vitality. Our verse then describes G'd as putting the finishing touch to His creation by bringing on the Sabbath, not by creating on the Sabbath. The reason the Torah repeats once more מכל מלאכתו אשר עשה, from all His work which He had done, is to emphasise that this work had been done previously, i.e. before the onset of the Sabbath. The word ויכל therefore refers to activity carried out previously. All that had been lacking was something that would give permanence to this universe of ours. The seventh day, i.e. the Sabbath, completed the cycle that provides this permanence. We are therefore entitled to view the Sabbath as one of the seven days of creation. The proof that we are correct may be the very fact that we do not find the usual: "it was evening it was morning the seventh day," meaning there was no בריאה on that day.

ויבחר בזרעו אחריו, “and He chose “his seed” after him. Clearly the subject is Yaakov, the third of the patriarchs. This is why the Torah says: “his seed” instead of “their seed.” Had the Torah used the plural “their seed,” both Esau and Ishmael would heve been included in the “chosen people.” This is also the reason why the Torah wrote in Parshat Eykev, 10,15: “but the Lord your G’d was fond of your forefathers (pl) to love them, and He chose (of) their seed after them you from amongst all the nations, etc.” Seeing the Torah had written בזרעם “their seed,” which could have been interpreted as “all their seed, i.e. including Esau, etc.,” the Torah had to conclude that verse by saying “בכם” you, meaning “only you of all their seed.”
Instead of using the preposition תחת, the Torah could have written more commonly used prepositions such as בעבור or למען. The reason the Torah chose the word תחת, a word which occurs on only two more occasions, once in connection with the מרכבה, the Divine “carriage,” may be an allusion to the מרכבה which is supposed to be supported on terrestrial earth by the patriarchs and the Jewish people as a whole.