אִם־תָּשִׁ֤יב מִשַּׁבָּת֙ רַגְלֶ֔ךָ עֲשׂ֥וֹת חֲפָצֶ֖יךָ בְּי֣וֹם קָדְשִׁ֑י וְקָרָ֨אתָ לַשַּׁבָּ֜ת עֹ֗נֶג לִקְד֤וֹשׁ יְהוָה֙ מְכֻבָּ֔ד וְכִבַּדְתּוֹ֙ מֵעֲשׂ֣וֹת דְּרָכֶ֔יךָ מִמְּצ֥וֹא חֶפְצְךָ֖ וְדַבֵּ֥ר דָּבָֽר׃
Si retrajeres del sábado tu pie, de hacer tu voluntad en mi día santo, y al sábado llamares delicias, santo, glorioso de SEÑOR; y lo venerares, no hacinedo tus caminos, ni buscando tu voluntad, ni hablando tus palabras:
Radak
Nor stand in the way of sinners: – for man commits sin while he is in his place at rest, in deed and in word and in thought. And the interpretation of and in the way is not the way of walking, but the habit and occupation of the man and his work, as “and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk” (Exod. 18:20); and “Yet shall the righteous hold on his way” (Job 17:9); “not doing thine own ways” (Isa. 58:13); “I declared my ways” (Ps. 119:26), and passages like these. So the interpretation of nor stand (is): he does not linger with, nor does he devote himself to them, neither does he remain in their company, lest he should learn of their works.
Radak
But his delight is in the law of the Lord: – He says: if he has departed from the evil way and yet has not done good, behold, he has not performed his work completely and it is not said of him, “Happy is he!” And so it says: “Depart from evil and do good” (Ps. 34:15). And although our teachers of blessed memory have said (Midrash, Shoher Tob, adloc.), “If a man sits and has not committed sin, he is rewarded as one who performs a mitzvah,” they have also interpreted (ibid.) [Depart from evil and do good] applying it to the case of him to whom transgression has come and who has been delivered from it, as it is said “Depart from evil and do good,” i.e. Depart from evil for the sake of doing good. And so it says (Ps. 119:3), “Yea, they do no unrighteousness; they walk in His ways.” And they hold that he who has conquered his inclination in regard to an action is as one who has performed a mitzvah, when the temptation has befallen him, and so it is as is said, “Yea, they do no unrighteousness,” etc.; although they have done no unrighteousness, still it is necessary that they should walk in His ways and do a good work. And so he says, Happy is the man that walketh not. But what does he do? His delight is in the law of the Lord. And included in delight is both learning and doing, as (in the text) “from doing thy delight” (Is. 58:13); and doing apart from learning is not sufficient.
Bartenura
לא ישכור אדם פועלים – as it is written (Isaiah 58:13): “Nor look to your affairs, nor strike bargains.”
English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
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Disponible solo para miembros PremiumRashi
On account of buying and selling - that buying and selling is similar to take out from his domain and transfer the object to the holy domain [the Temple]. This action is forbidden by Torah which states "[honor the Sabbath by not] seeking out your personal desires, nor discussing [forbidden] matters." (Isaiah 58:13). Or alternatively, buying and selling will cause someone to write a bill of sale. And if you would say...