בַּיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃
El primer día tendréis santa convocación: ningúna obra servil haréis.
Tevele Bondi
Kadesh: means to prepare or to get ready, as in the verse; "Go to the people and instruct them to sanctify (v'kidashtem) themselves today and tomorrow." (Ex. 19:10) We are saying, 'let them ready themselves to perform the commandments that are be assigned to this night. Kadesh is used to express preparation because this night is on a level of exalted sanctity.
One should be careful not to think frivolous thoughts when performing the commandments on this night, and to perform them with the joy of the festival. God forbid that one should speak foolish words, and even worse, to speak biting, satiric or false words, God forbid. Rather you should sanctify yourself to speak only holy words so that your words will be pleasant before the Holy One.
Let the nation who is holy, Israel, as it says. "For you are a holy people," and let them speak before the Holy One, as it says, "For I, the Lord, am holy," on this holy night - the night of Passover is called a holy convocation, as it says: "The first day shall be a holy convocation to you," (Lev. 23:7). The songs on this night shall be filled with holiness, as it is written: "For you there shall be singing as on a night when a festival is hallowed…" (Is. 30:29) You shall tell the story of the Exodus with holy words taken from our sacred Torah.
One should be careful not to think frivolous thoughts when performing the commandments on this night, and to perform them with the joy of the festival. God forbid that one should speak foolish words, and even worse, to speak biting, satiric or false words, God forbid. Rather you should sanctify yourself to speak only holy words so that your words will be pleasant before the Holy One.
Let the nation who is holy, Israel, as it says. "For you are a holy people," and let them speak before the Holy One, as it says, "For I, the Lord, am holy," on this holy night - the night of Passover is called a holy convocation, as it says: "The first day shall be a holy convocation to you," (Lev. 23:7). The songs on this night shall be filled with holiness, as it is written: "For you there shall be singing as on a night when a festival is hallowed…" (Is. 30:29) You shall tell the story of the Exodus with holy words taken from our sacred Torah.
Chizkuni
לא יגוש, “he (the creditor) shall not exact it.” Why does this have to be added? The Torah has already asked the creditor to release the debtor from his indebtedness, if he had been unable to repay him. Imagine the following scenario: a debtor, who owns a field, has dutifully released the seventh year’s crop to fulfill G-d’s commandment, as a result of which has no crop of his own to sell and to use the proceeds to repay his loan to his creditor. During normal years he would not have had a problem to repay his loan. If the creditor now presses the debtor to repay him what he owes him, but adds that he will gladly wait until after next year’s crop has ripened for the debtor to repay him, this is forbidden. The Torah forbids the creditor to extend the terms of the loan. This would not be fulfilling the Torah’s law of: “release it!” This is the meaning of the term: מקרא קודש in Leviticus 23,7 and elsewhere.
Ibn Ezra
Our ancestors have said [Menaḥot 66a] that the six days are to be counted “from when the first standing grain is reaped” [: 9]. It is also plausible that the seventh day is to be added on to the six days, in which case Scripture distinguishes between the beginning and the end of the festival in order to admonish you must not do work. Note that Scripture did not say “any work” [e.g., Exodus 20: 10], because here the meaning is “any servile work” [e.g., Leviticus 23: 7] (in the one place where “any work” is used in this context it is immediately qualified by “except…” [Exodus 12: 16]). Since Scripture has mentioned Passover, during which one is required to visit the Sanctuary, Scripture then proceeds to discuss the second and the third holidays. Thus Scripture does not here mention the New Year, nor Yom Kippur, because on those days the congregation does not gather together in the Sanctuary.
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
Disponible solo para miembros PremiumRabbeinu Bahya
Disponible solo para miembros PremiumRashi
מקרא קדש — This means: Hallow it (make it different from other days) by wearing fine clothes, and through appropriate prayer. In the case of other Festivals of which the same words are used, the expression מקרא קדש implies: Hallow them (distinguish them from other days) by your food and drink, by your fine clothes and appropriate prayers (cf. Sifra, Emor, Section 12 4).