וְאִם־נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ כִּ֣י תֶֽחֱטָ֔א וְעָֽשְׂתָ֗ה אַחַת֙ מִכָּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע וְאָשֵׁ֖ם וְנָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽוֹ׃
Finalmente, si una persona pecare, ó hiciere alguna de todas aquellas cosas que por mandamiento del Señor no se han de hacer, <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','Este es el <b>70mo Precepto Positivo</b> enumerado por el Rambam en el Prefacio a Mishné Torá, su “Compendio de la Ley Hebrea” para todo el Pueblo de Israel.',event);" onmouseout="Close();">aun sin hacerlo a sabiendas es culpable</span>, y llevará su pecado.
Kli Yakar
And by way of allusion, one could say that this is why it is written “unintentionally from the people of the land.” To tell you that specifically for the common person it is considered unintentional, but the error of a Torah scholar is considered intentional. This is a proper allusion. And what is written And if a soul sins (Leviticus 5:17), it mentions if and when because this refers to the guilt offering of uncertainty [asham talui], and it uses the term when because it speaks of an individual who is almost certainly to come to sin. However, regarding the essence of the sin, it uses the term if, because such a sin is not common that one would have before him two pieces, one of fat, etc. Another explanation for why it says And if one soul sins is because it speaks of an individual who separates himself from the community, as it is written from the people of the land, meaning he separates himself from the people of the land and does not dwell among the common people because he fears lest he learn from their deeds. In this case, he is not likely to come to sin, therefore the term if is used, indicating doubt.
German Commentary
Es ist zweifelhaft. Ob dieser eine durch ein Sündopfer zu sühnende Sünde begangen hat, oder nicht. Er muss daher das wegen einer zweifelhaften Sünde in Lev. 5, 17 f. vorgeschriebene Schuldopfer (אשם תלוי) darbringen. R. Eleasar meint, Jeder müsse sich erkundigen, ob das Gericht eine neue Entscheidung getroffen und die frühere widerrufen habe.
Bartenura
פוטרו היה רבי יהושע אף מאשם תלוי – for regarding the suspended guilt offering, it is written (Leviticus 5:17): “And when a person, without knowing it, [sins in regard to any of the LORD’s commandments about things not to be done, and then realizes his guilt],” excluding this one who knows that he sinned, but rather, that the sin is not something specific, and the sin-offering he is also not liable for, for even though he knew that he sinned, whichever way you turn, anyway, it was not made clear to him in what he way he had sinned. But the Halakhic decision is that he is liable for a suspended guilt-offering, whether regarding fat and left-over before him, where it is possible to have the matter verified, whether with regarding to performing creative labor at twilight, whether on Shabbat or on Yom Kippur, where it is impossible to have the matter verified, and similarly with his wife who is a menstruating woman and his sister in the house, and he acted inadvertently with one of them, in all of these, he brings a suspended guilt-offering.